financeФинансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and PracticeFinance: Theory and Practice2587-56712587-7089Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-5-24-40finance-1062Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫECONOMICS OF SOCIAL SPHEREК вопросу об эффективности накопительных элементов пенсионной системы: международный опытEfficiency of the Funded Elements of the Pension System: International Practiceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-7570БиткинаИ. К.BitkinaI. K.

Ирина Константиновна Биткина — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экономики и финансов

Волгоград

Irina K. Bitkina — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Economics and Finance

Volgograd

bitkinai@list.ruВолгоградский институт управления, филиал РАНХиГСРоссияVolgograd Institute of Management, branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public AdministrationRussian Federation2020231020202452440Copyright © Биткина И.К., 20202020Биткина И.К.Bitkina I.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1062

Автор обобщает теоретические взгляды ученых на проблемы функционирования пенсионной системы накопительного типа и альтернативы ее развития. Цель статьи состоит в обзоре и обсуждении результатов исследований, посвященных оценке эффективности накопительных элементов пенсионной системы с позиции международного опыта. Использованы  методы  обобщения, классификации  и  сравнительного  анализа  теоретико-методических  подходов к оценке эффективности пенсионных систем и ее отдельных элементов, прием абстракции, позволяющий на основе изложенного в публикациях материала провести типологизацию существующих в мире пенсионных моделей, методы постановки научных гипотез, группировки исследований в зависимости от полученных выводов. Теоретической базой исследования послужили работы ученых, опубликованные в изданиях, индексируемых в Scopus, Web of Science, а также Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ) (для российских изданий) за 1981–2019 гг. Для систематизации изложения данный временной период был разделен на четыре этапа на основе изменения роли накопительных компонент в национальных пенсионных системах рассматриваемых стран. В результате удалось провести систематизацию и классификацию рассмотренных исследований. Межстрановой анализ по выделенным критериям показал, что распределительные пенсионные системы в целом демонстрируют больший уровень устойчивости и эффективности, а также лучше выполняют задачу, связанную с достойным уровнем обеспечения населения. Автор делает вывод, что для повышения эффективности накопительных элементов необходимо: сократить их доминирование, поскольку они часто становятся фактором нестабильности национальной экономики; развивать дополнительное регулирование правил инвестирования пенсионных накоплений; проводить сопутствующие макроэкономические реформы, направленные на развитие накопительных элементов, для чего необходим эффективно функционирующий и устойчивый национальный рынок капитала. Полученные выводы и результаты могут быть использованы при дальнейшем развитии российской накопительной пенсионной системы, в аналитической работе государственных и научных организаций.

The author summarizes key science theories of the funded pension system and its development. The aim of the article is to review and discuss the studies on the efficiency of the funded elements of the pension system from the perspective of international practices. The research methods included generalization; classification and comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluating the efficiency of a pension system and its elements; abstraction, which allowed us to classify existing pension plans on the basis of the materials presented in the paper; as well as scientific and grouping methods. The theoretical background of the research is based on the scientific studies indexed in Scopus, Web of Science and RSCI (Russian science citation index) for the period 1981–2019. To organize the presented data this period was divided into four stages depending on the role of the funded elements in the public pension system of the reviewed countries. The results of the research are the systematization and classification of the studies under consideration. Cross-country analysis according to the selected criteria showed that distributive pension systems generally demonstrate a higher level of sustainability and efficiency, as well as are better at ensuring a decent standard of living for the population. The author concludes that in order to increase the efficiency of funded elements it is necessary to reduce their influence on the national economic stability; develop additional regulations for pension investment schemes; implement macroeconomic reforms aimed at the development of funded elements, which require a sustainable national capital market. The conclusions and results of the paper can be useful for further development of the Russian funded pension system and analytical work of the public and research organizations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.