<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-38-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAl TECHNOlOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ возможностей автоматизации выявления недобросовестных микрофинансовых организаций на основе методов машинного обучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Possibilities to Automate Detection of Unscrupulous Microfinance Organizations based on Machine learning Methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-6265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекетнова</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beketnova</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Михайловна Бекетнова — кандидат технических наук, доцент факультета прикладной математики и информационных технологий.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya M. Beketnova — Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Information Technology. </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beketnova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Financial University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекетнова Ю.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекетнова Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beketnova Y.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1090">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1090</self-uri><abstract><p>Микрофинансирование является одним из способов борьбы с бедностью, в связи с чем имеет высокую социальную значимость. Сфера микрофинансирования в России активно развивается. Но вовлеченность ми-крофинансовых организаций (МФО) в незаконные финансовые операции, связанные с мошенничеством, деятельностью нелегальных кредиторов, легализацией доходов, полученных преступным путем, существенно ограничивают их потенциал и негативно влияют на динамику развития. Цель исследования состоит в изучении возможностей автоматизации процесса выявления недобросовестных участников рынка микрофинансирования на основе методов и алгоритмов машинного обучения для оперативного выявления и пресечения противоправной деятельности контролирующими органами. Автор приводит распространенные мошеннические схемы с участием микрофинансовых организаций, в том числе схему обналичивания материнского капитала, мошенническую схему кредитования под залог недвижимости. Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов, полученных методами классификации — методом логистической регрессии, деревьев решений (алгоритмы двухклассовый лес решений, Adaboost), методом опорных векторов (алгоритм двухклассовая машина опорных векторов), нейросетевыми методами (алгоритм двухклассовой нейронной сети), Байесовскими сетями (алгоритм двухклассовой сети Байеса). Наиболее точные результаты показала двухклассовая машина опорных векторов. Анализ проведен на основе данных о микрофинансовых организациях, публикуемых Банком России, самими МФО, порталом banki.ru. Автор делает вывод о том, что приведенные результаты исследования могут быть использованы Банком России и Росфинмониторингом для автоматизации выявления недобросовестных микрофинансовых организаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microfinance is a way to fight poverty, and therefore is of high social significance. The microfinance sector in Russia is progressing. However, the engagement of microfinance organizations in illegal financial transactions associated with fraud, illegal creditors, money laundering, significantly limits their potential and has negative impact on their development. The aim of the paper is to study the possibilities to automate detection of unscrupulous microfinance organizations based on machine learning methods in order to promptly identify and suppress illegal activities by regulatory authorities. The author cites common fraudulent schemes involving microfinance organizations, including a scheme for cashing out maternity capital, a fraudulent lending scheme against real estate. The author carried out a comparative analysis of the results obtained by classification methods — the logistic regression method, decision trees (algorithms of two-class decision forest, Adaboost), support vector machine (algorithm of two-class support vector machine), neural network methods (algorithm of two-class neural network), Bayesian networks (algorithm of two-class Bayes network). The two-class support vector machine provided the most accurate results. The author analysed the data on microfinance institutions published by the Bank of Russia, the MFOs themselves, and banki.ru. The author concludes that the research results can be of further use by the Bank of Russia and Rosfinmonitoring to automate detection of unscrupulous microfinance organizations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрофинансовые организации</kwd><kwd>финансовый мониторинг</kwd><kwd>методы машинного обучения</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы классификации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microfinance organizations</kwd><kwd>financial monitoring</kwd><kwd>machine learning methods</kwd><kwd>classification algorithms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин А. С., Шилов В. А. Многомерный статистический анализ структуры рынка микрофинансирования в России. Интернет-журнал Науковедение. 2016;8(1):10. DOI: 10.15862/10EVN 116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin A. S., Shilov V. A. Multivariate statistical analysis of the structure of the microfinance market in Russia. Internet-zhurnal Naukovedenie. 2016;8(1):10. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15862/10EVN 116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макарова Е. Б. Особенности микрофинансирования в России. Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 3: Экономика. Экология. 2017;19(4):80-86. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu3.2017.4.9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarova E. B. Features of microfinancing in Russia. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 3: Ekonomika. Ekologiya = Science Journal of VolSU. Global Economic System. 2017;19(4):80-86. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu3.2017.4.9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашев Н. Б., Баркинхоева М. Х. Тенденции развития микрофинансового рынка в РФ. Экономика и бизнес: теория и практика. 2019;(10-1):27-31. DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2019-11207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashev N. B., Barkinkhoeva M. Kh. Development trends of the microfinance market in the Russian Federation. Ekonomika i biznes: teoriya i praktika = Economy and Business: Theory and Practice. 2019;(10-1):27-31. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2019-11207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цветков В. А., Дудин М. Н., Сайфиева С. Н. Проблемы и перспективы развития микрофинансовых организаций в Российской Федерации. Финансы: теория и практика. 2019;23(3):96-111. DOI: 10.26794/25875671-2019-23-3-96-111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov V. A., Dudin M. N., Saifieva S. N. Problems and prospects for the development of microfinance organizations in the Russian Federation. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2019;23(3):96-111. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-3-96-111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ордынская М. Е., Силина Т. А. Доступность микрофинансовых услуг для субъектов малого бизнеса (на материалах Республики Адыгея). Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета. Серия 5: Экономика. 2018;(3):213-224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ordynskaya M. E., Silina T. A. Availability of microfinance services for small businesses (based on materials from the Republic of Adygea). Vestnik Adygeiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 5: Ekonomika = Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series: Economics. 2018;(3):213-224. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных С. И. Микрофинансовые организации в отечественной финансово-кредитной системе: проблемы роста. Вестник Института экономики Российской академии наук. 2017;(2):139-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernykh S. I. Microfinance organizations in the domestic financial and credit system: Problems of development. Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2017;(2):139-146. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершова И. В., Тарасенко О. А. Малое и среднее предпринимательство: трансформация российской системы кредитования и микрофинансирования. Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки. 2018;(39):99-124. DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-39-99-124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershova I. V., Tarasenko O. A. Small and medium-sized enterprises: Transformation of the Russian crediting and microfinancing system. Vestnik permskogo universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki = Perm University Herald. Juridical Sciences. 2018;(39):99-124. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2018-39-99-124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евлахова Ю. С. Российские микрофинансовые организации: динамика развития и проблема вовлеченности в незаконные финансовые операции. Финансы и кредит. 2018;24(7):1637-1648. DOI: 10.24891/fc.24.7.1637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evlakhova Yu. S. Russian microfinance organizations: Dynamics of development and the problem of involvement in illegal financial transactions. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2018;24(7):1637-1648. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24891/fc.24.7.1637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков С. Е., Лоскутов И. Н. Мошенничество в области микрофинансов. М.: РАЕН; 2016. 20 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov S. E., Loskutov I. N. Fraud in microfinance sphere. Moscow: Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; 2016. 20 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlidis N. G., Tasoulis D. K., Adams N. M., Hand D. J. Adaptive consumer credit classification. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2012;63(12):1645-1654. DOI: 10.1057/jors.2012.15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlidis N. G., Tasoulis D. K., Adams N. M., Hand D. J. Adaptive consumer credit classification. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2012;63(12):1645-1654. DOI: 10.1057/jors.2012.15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yap B. W., Ong S. H., Husain N. H.M. Using data mining to improve assessment of credit worthiness via credit scoring models. Expert Systems with Applications. 2011;38(10):13274-13283. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yap B. W., Ong S. H., Husain N. H.M. Using data mining to improve assessment of credit worthiness via credit scoring models. Expert Systems with Applications. 2011;38(10):13274-13283. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khemais Z., Nesrine D., Mohamed M. Credit scoring and default risk prediction: A comparative study between discriminant analysis and logistic regression. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 2016;8(4):39. DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v8n4p39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khemais Z., Nesrine D., Mohamed M. Credit scoring and default risk prediction: A comparative study between discriminant analysis and logistic regression. International Journal of Economics and Finance. 2016;8(4):39. DOI: 10.5539/ijef.v8n4p39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z., Tian Y., Li K., Yang W. Reject inference in credit scoring using support vector machines. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2740856</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z., Tian Y., Li K., Yang W. Reject inference in credit scoring using support vector machines. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2740856</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louzada F., Anacleto-Junior O., Candolo C., Mazucheli J. Poly-bagging predictors for classification modelling for credit scoring. Expert Systems with Applications. 2011;38(10):12717-12720. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louzada F., Anacleto-Junior O., Candolo C., Mazucheli J. Poly-bagging predictors for classification modelling for credit scoring. Expert Systems with Applications. 2011;38(10):12717-12720. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vukovic S., Delibasic B., Uzelac A., Suknovic M. A case-based reasoning model that uses preference theory functions for credit scoring. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012;39(9):8389-8395. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vukovic S., Delibasic B., Uzelac A., Suknovic M. A case-based reasoning model that uses preference theory functions for credit scoring. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012;39(9):8389-8395. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marques A. I., Garcia V., Sanchez J. S. Two-level classifier ensembles for credit risk assessment. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012;39(12):10916-10922. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.03.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marques A. I., Garcia V., Sanchez J. S. Two-level classifier ensembles for credit risk assessment. Expert Systems with Applications. 2012;39(12):10916-10922. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.03.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akkoç S. An empirical comparison of conventional techniques, neural networks and the three-stage hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for credit scoring analysis: The case of Turkish credit card data. European Journal of Operational Research. 2012;222(1):168-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.04.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akkoç S. An empirical comparison of conventional techniques, neural networks and the three-stage hybrid Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model for credit scoring analysis: The case of Turkish credit card data. European Journal of Operational Research. 2012;222(1):168-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.04.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu W.-W. Improving classification accuracy and causal knowledge for better credit decisions. International Journal of Neural Systems. 2011;21(4):297-309. DOI: 10.1142/S0129065711002845</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu W.-W. Improving classification accuracy and causal knowledge for better credit decisions. International Journal of Neural Systems. 2011;21(4):297-309. DOI: 10.1142/S0129065711002845</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H., Beling P. A., Overstreet G. A. A Bayesian framework for the combination of classifier outputs. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2002;53(7):719-727. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H., Beling P. A., Overstreet G. A. A Bayesian framework for the combination of classifier outputs. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 2002;53(7):719-727. DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эскиндаров М. А., Соловьева В. И., ред. Парадигмы цифровой экономики: Технологии искусственного интеллекта в финансах и финтехе. М.: Когито-Центр; 2019. 325 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eskindarov M. A., Solov’eva V.I., eds. Paradigms of the digital economy: Artificial intelligence technologies in finance and fintech. Moscow: Cogito-Center; 2019. 325 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
