<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-92-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РИСКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL RISKS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые меры рисков «VaR в степени t» и «ES в степени t» и меры риска искажения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Risk Measures “VaR to the Power of t” and “ES to the Power of t” and Distortion Risk Measures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-145X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасян</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasyan</surname><given-names>V. B</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виген Бабкенович Минасян — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой корпоративных финансов, инвестиционного проектирования и оценки им. М. А. Лимитовского.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vigen B. Minasyan — Cand. Sci. (Phis.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Limitovskii corporate finance, investment design and evaluation department.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minasyanvb@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая школа финансов и менеджмента, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Finance and Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минасян В.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минасян В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minasyan V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1094">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1094</self-uri><abstract><p>Меры риска искажения в последние годы широко используют в финансовых и страховых приложениях, благодаря их привлекательным свойствам. Цель работы — исследовать вопрос принадлежности мер риска «VaR в степени t», введенных в научный оборот автором к классу мер риска искажения, а также описать соответствующие функции искажения. Автор вводит новый класс мер риска «ES в степени t» и исследует вопрос о его принадлежности к классу мер риска искажения, а также описывает соответствующие функции искажения. Использован композитный метод для построения новых функций искажения и соответствующих мер риска искажения для доказательства принадлежности мер риска «VaR в степени t» и «ES в степени t» к классу мер риска искажения. Представлены примеры для иллюстрации соответствующих понятий и результатов, проявляющих важность мер риска «VaR в степени t» и «ES в степени t» как подмножеств мер риска искажения, позволяющих выявлять финансовые риски различной степени катастрофичности. Автор делает вывод, что меры риска «VaR в степени t» и «ES в степени t» могут быть использованы в практике риск-менеджмента компаний при оценке маловероятных рисков высокой катастрофичности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Distortion risk measures have been popular in financial and insurance applications in recent years due to their attractive properties. The aim of the article is to investigate whether risk measures “VaR in the power of t”, introduced by the author, belong to the class of distortion risk measures, as well as to describe the corresponding distortion functions. The author introduces a new class of risk measures “ES to the power of t” and investigates whether it belongs to distortion risk measures, and also describes the corresponding distortion functions. The author used the composite method to design new distortion functions and corresponding distortion risk measures, to prove that risk measures “VaR to the power of t” and “ES to the power of t” belong to the class of distortion risk measures. The paper presents examples to illustrate the relevant concepts and results that show the importance of risk measures “VaR to the power of t” and “ES to the power of t” as subsets of distortion risk measures that allow identifying various financial catastrophic risks. The author concludes that risk measures “VaR to the power of t” and “ES to the power of t” can be used in risk management of companies when assessing remote, highly catastrophic risks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катастрофические риски</kwd><kwd>меры риска искажения</kwd><kwd>функции искажения</kwd><kwd>композитный метод</kwd><kwd>когерентные меры риска</kwd><kwd>меры риска VaR в степени t</kwd><kwd>меры риска ES в степени t</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>catastrophic risks</kwd><kwd>distortion risk measures</kwd><kwd>distortion functions</kwd><kwd>composite method</kwd><kwd>coherent risk measures</kwd><kwd>risk measures “VaR to the power of t”</kwd><kwd>risk measures “ES to the power of t”</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам научно-исследовательской работы 4.10 «Исследование способов измерения рисков на корпоративном и макрофинансовом уровне», которое финансировалось в рамках государственного задания Высшей школы финансов и менеджмента Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы, Москва, Россия</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article is based on the budgetary-supported research 4.10 “Researching Methods for Measuring Risks at the Corporate and Macrofinancial Levels” according to the state task carried out by the Higher School of Finance and Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Круи М., Галай Д., Марк Р. Основы риск-менеджмента. Пер. с англ. М.: Юрайт; 2018. 390 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crouhy M., Galai D., Mark R. The essentials of risk management. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 2006. 414 p. (Russ. ed.: Crouhy M., Galai D., Mark R. Osnovy risk-menedzhmenta. Moscow: Urait; 2006. 414 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hull J. C. Risk management and financial institutions. New York: Pearson Education International; 2007. 576 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hull J. C. Risk management and financial institutions. New York: Pearson Education International; 2007. 576 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jorion P. Value at risk: The new benchmark for managing financial risk. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2007. 624 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jorion P. Value at risk: The new benchmark for managing financial risk. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2007. 624 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S. S. A class of distortion operators for pricing financial and insurance risks. The Journal of Risk and Insurance. 2000;67(1):15-36. DOI: 10.2307/253675</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S. S. A class of distortion operators for pricing financial and insurance risks. The Journal of Risk and Insurance. 2000;67(1):15-36. DOI: 10.2307/253675</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szego G., ed. Risk measures for the 21st century. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2004. 491 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szego G., ed. Risk measures for the 21st century. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2004. 491 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Минасян В. Б. Новая мера риска VaR в квадрате и ее вычисление. Случай равномерного и треугольного распределений вероятностей убытков. Управление финансовыми рисками. 2019;(3):200-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. B. A new risk measure VaR squared and its calculation. The case of uniform and triangular loss distributions. Upravlenie finansovymi riskami = Financial Risk Management Journal. 2019;(3):200-208. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасян В. Б. Новая мера риска VaR в квадрате и ее вычисление. Случай общего закона распределения убытков, сравнение с другими мерами риска. Управление финансовыми рисками. 2019;(4):298-320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. B. A new risk measure VaR squered and its calculation. The case of the general law of loss distribution, comparison with other risk measures. Upravlenie finansovymi riskami = Financial Risk Management Journal. 2019;(4):298-320. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасян В. Б. Новые способы измерения катастрофических рисков: меры «VaR в степени t» и их вычисление. Финансы: теория и практика. 2020;24(3):92-109. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-3-92-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. B. New ways to measure catastrophic financial risk: “VaR to the power of t” measures and how to calculate them. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2020;24(3):92-109. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-3-92-109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denneberg D. Non-additive measure and integral. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1994. 178 p. (Theory and Decision Library B. Vol. 27). DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2434-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denneberg D. Non-additive measure and integral. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1994. 178 p. (Theory and Decision Library B. Vol. 27). DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2434-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S., Dhaene J. Comonotonicity, correlation order and premium principles. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 1998;22(3):235-242. DOI: 10.1016/S 0167-6687(97)00040-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S., Dhaene J. Comonotonicity, correlation order and premium principles. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 1998;22(3):235-242. DOI: 10.1016/S 0167-6687(97)00040-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artzner P., Delbaen F., Eber J.-M., Heath D. Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance. 1999;9(3):203-228. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9965.00068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artzner P., Delbaen F., Eber J.-M., Heath D. Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance. 1999;9(3):203-228. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9965.00068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denuit M., Dhaene J., Goovaerts M., Kaas R. Actuarial theory for dependent risks: Measures, orders and models. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2005. 440 p. DOI: 10.1002/0470016450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denuit M., Dhaene J., Goovaerts M., Kaas R. Actuarial theory for dependent risks: Measures, orders and models. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd; 2005. 440 p. DOI: 10.1002/0470016450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu L., Li H. Tail distortion risk and its asymptotic analysis. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 2012;51(1):115-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2012.03.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu L., Li H. Tail distortion risk and its asymptotic analysis. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 2012;51(1):115-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2012.03.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang F. First- and second-order asymptotics for the tail distortion risk measure of extreme risks. Communications in Statistics — hhoory and Methods. 2015;44(3):520-532. DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2012.751116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang F. First- and second-order asymptotics for the tail distortion risk measure of extreme risks. Communications in Statistics — hhoory and Methods. 2015;44(3):520-532. DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2012.751116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yin C., Zhu D. New class of distortion risk measures and their tail asymptotics with emphasis on Va R. Journal of Financial Risk Management. 2018;7(1):12-38. DOI: 10.4236/jfrm.2018.71002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yin C., Zhu D. New class of distortion risk measures and their tail asymptotics with emphasis on Va R. Journal of Financial Risk Management. 2018;7(1):12-38. DOI: 10.4236/jfrm.2018.71002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belles-Sampera J., Guillen M., Santolino M. Beyond value-at-risk: GlueVaR distortion risk measures. Risk Analysis. 2014;34(1):121-134. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belles-Sampera J., Guillen M., Santolino M. Beyond value-at-risk: GlueVaR distortion risk measures. Risk Analysis. 2014;34(1):121-134. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belles-Sampera J., Guillen M., Santolino M. GlueVaR risk measures in capital allocation applications. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 2014;58:132-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.06.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belles-Sampera J., Guillen M., Santolino M. GlueVaR risk measures in capital allocation applications. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 2014;58:132-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.06.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherubini U., Mulinacci S. Contagion-based distortion risk measures. Applied Mathematics Letters. 2014;27:85-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.aml.2013.07.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherubini U., Mulinacci S. Contagion-based distortion risk measures. Applied Mathematics Letters. 2014;27:85-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.aml.2013.07.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaene J., Kukush A., Linders D., Tang Q. Remarks on quantiles and distortion risk measures. European Actuarial Journal. 2012;2(2):319-328. DOI: 10.1007/s13385-012-0058-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaene J., Kukush A., Linders D., Tang Q. Remarks on quantiles and distortion risk measures. European Actuarial Journal. 2012;2(2):319-328. DOI: 10.1007/s13385-012-0058-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S. S. Premium calculation by transforming the layer premium density. ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA. 1996;26(1):71-92. DOI: 10.2143/AST.26.1.563234</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S. S. Premium calculation by transforming the layer premium density. ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA. 1996;26(1):71-92. DOI: 10.2143/AST.26.1.563234</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artzner P., Delbaen F., Eber J.-M., Heath D. Thinking coherently. Risk. 1997;10(11):68-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artzner P., Delbaen F., Eber J.-M., Heath D. Thinking coherently. Risk. 1997;10(11):68-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corless R. M., Gonnet G. H., Hare D. E.G., Jeffrey D. J., Knuth D. E. On the Lambert W function. Advanced Computational Mathematics. 1996;5(1):329-359. DOI: 10.1007/BF02124750</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corless R. M., Gonnet G. H., Hare D. E.G., Jeffrey D. J., Knuth D. E. On the Lambert W function. Advanced Computational Mathematics. 1996;5(1):329-359. DOI: 10.1007/BF02124750</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
