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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-140-160</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL FINANCIAL ASSETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экономическая природа и классификация стейблкойнов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Nature and Classification of Stablecoins</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-1967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Анатольевич Кочергин — доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры теории кредита и финансового менеджмента экономического факультета.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Kochergin — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Department of Credit Theory and Financial Management, Faculty of Economics.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kda2001@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочергин Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочергин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochergin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1098">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1098</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена решению проблем интерпретации, классификации и функционирования стейблкойнов на финансовом рынке. Цель исследования — раскрытие экономической природы и выявление характерных особенностей различных видов стейблкойнов. Автор использовал следующие методы: системно-функциональный, системно-структурный, статистического анализа и синтеза. Проведен анализ различных подходов к интерпретации стейблкойнов и их регулированию в развитых странах; предложена авторская интерпретация и классификация стейблкойнов с учетом их экономических особенностей; проанализированы основные показатели использования стейблкойнов и определены потенциальные выгоды и риски их применения в платежных целях. Сделаны выводы, что стейблкойны следует интерпретировать в качестве новой гибридной разновидности цифровых финансовых активов. Они не являются однородными и могут обладать различными экономико-правовыми характеристиками. Большинство стейблкойнов выпускаются четко идентифицированными эмитентами на основе блокчейна в форме обращающихся цифровых обязательств или депозитарных расписок, которые могут использоваться в качестве средства обмена, сбережения и платежа. Основными экономико-функциональными критериями классификации стейбл-койнов являются: форма обеспечения, категория пользователей и масштаб обращения. Как показало исследование, в настоящее время наиболее широко используемыми являются централизованные стейблкойны, обеспеченные фи-атными валютами и золотом, применяемые для совершения биржевых обменных операций и розничных платежей. Локальные стейблкойны преимущественно используются в качестве средства сохранения стоимости и средства обмена. Их широкое применение может значительно повлиять на развитие рынка криптоактивов за счет повышения его ликвидности и стимулирования развития более стабильных форм цифровых финансовых активов. Глобальные стейблкойны могут получить широкое использование в качестве трансграничного средства платежа. Они способны повысить скорость трансграничных расчетов и снизить их себестоимость, а также обеспечить более широкий уровень финансовой доступности пользователям без банковских счетов. Тем не менее для реализации потенциальных преимуществ использования стейблкойнов необходимо решить правовые, нормативные и надзорные проблемы, связанные с национальным и трансграничным обращением стейблкойнов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the nature of stablecoins and their specifics in the financial market. The aim of the article is to reveal the economic nature and characteristics of various types of stablecoins. The author used system-functional and system-structural research methods as well as methods of statistical analysis and synthesis. The paper analyses different approaches to the interpretation of stablecoins and their regulation in developed countries, as well as provides the author’s interpretation and classification of stablecoins. The article analyses the main indicators of stablecoins and identifies the potential benefits and risks associated with payment. The conclusion is that stablecoins are to be interpreted as a new hybrid type of digital financial assets. Stablecoins are not homogeneous and may have different economic and legal characteristics. Clearly identified blockchain-based issuers issue most stablecoins as tradable digital bonds or depository receipts that can be used as a means of exchange, savings, and payment. The major economic and functional criteria for the classification of stablecoins are: the form of collateral, the category of users, and the scale of circulation. The research has shown that currently the most widely used are centralized stablecoins, backed by fiat currencies and gold, used for exchange transactions and retail payments. Local stablecoins are primarily a store of value and a medium of exchange. Their widespread use can significantly affect the development of the crypto-asset market by increasing its liquidity and stimulating the development of more stable forms of digital financial assets. Global stablecoins may gain widespread use as a cross-border means of payment. They can increase the speed of crossborder settlements and reduce their costs, as well as provide wider financial inclusion for users without bank accounts. To realize the potential benefits of stablecoins, one should address the legal, regulatory and supervisory challenges associated with national and cross-border circulation of stablecoins.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стейблкойны</kwd><kwd>криптоактивы</kwd><kwd>цифровые финансовые активы</kwd><kwd>виртуальные валюты</kwd><kwd>криптовалюты</kwd><kwd>технология распределенных реестров</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>коллатеральные стейблкойны</kwd><kwd>алгоритмические стейблкойны</kwd><kwd>локальные стейблкойны</kwd><kwd>глобальные стейблкойны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stablecoins</kwd><kwd>crypto-assets</kwd><kwd>digital financial assets</kwd><kwd>virtual currencies</kwd><kwd>cryptocurrencies</kwd><kwd>distributed ledger technology (DLT)</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>collateral stablecoins</kwd><kwd>algorithmic stablecoins</kwd><kwd>local stablecoins (LSC)</kwd><kwd>global stablecoins (GSC)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clayton J. 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