financeФинансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and PracticeFinance: Theory and Practice2587-56712587-7089Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-174-186finance-1100Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫINTERNATIONAL FINANCEАнализ причин долгосрочных изменений экономического неравенства в мировой экономикеAnalysis of the Causes of long-Term Changes in Economic Inequality in the Global Economyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-9900ДорофеевМ. Л.DorofeevМ. I.

Михаил Львович Дорофеев — кандидат экономических наук, доцент Департамента общественных финансов.

Mikhail L. Dorofeev — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Public Finance.

dorofeevml@yandex.ruФинансовый университетРоссияFinancial UniversityRussian Federation202012122020246174186Copyright © Дорофеев М.Л., 20202020Дорофеев М.Л.Dorofeev М.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1100

Автор исследует долгосрочные изменения экономического неравенства в мировой экономике. Цель работы — актуализация, анализ и систематизация долгосрочных причин изменения экономического неравенства в мировой экономике и выявление страновых особенностей его развития. Использованы методы: анализа и синтеза, систематизации, классификации и категоризации информации из различных научных и статистических источников и баз данных. Для иллюстрации трендов изменения экономического неравенства автор использует показатель доли национального дохода у различных групп населения. В результате исследования выявлена циклическая природа развития экономического неравенства в соответствии с инновационными волнами Кондратьева продолжительностью 50-60 лет. На основании анализа данных об экономическом неравенстве за период 1900-2018 г. сделан вывод, что приоритетным фактором изменения экономического неравенства является технологический прогресс, который в комплексе со страновыми особенностями финансового механизма перераспределения доходов и богатства и различными режимами международной кооперации и торговли оказывает влияние на изменение межстранового и внутристранового экономического неравенства. Понимание природы изменения неравенства позволит разрабатывать эффективные долгосрочные стратегии экономического развития и проводить соответствующую им государственную политику регулирования в условиях ускорения цифровизации и роботизации мировой экономики.

The author examines long-term changes in economic inequality in the global economy. The aim of the article is to update, analyze and systematize the long-term causes of changes in economic inequality in the global economy and identify its country specifics. The author used the methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization, classification and categorization of information from various scientific and statistical sources and databases. To illustrate the trends in economic inequality, the author applied the indicator of the share of national income among different groups of the population. The study revealed the cyclical nature of economic inequality in accordance with Kondratieff innovation waves lasting 50-60 years. Based on the data analysis of economic inequality for the period 1900-2018, the author concluded that technological progress is the priority factor in changing economic inequality. Together with the country specifics of the financial mechanism for redistributing income and wealth and various regimes of international cooperation and trade, it affects the changes in cross-country and domestic economic inequality. Understanding the nature of changes in inequality will allow for effective long-term strategies for economic development and the corresponding state regulation policy in the context of faster digitalization and robotization of the global economy.

экономическое неравенствобедностьэкономический ростинновационный цикл Кондратьеваэкономические циклыналогигосударственное регулированиеeconomic inequalitypovertyeconomic growthKondratieff innovation cycleeconomic cyclestaxesgovernment regulationReferencesКапелюшников Р. И. Неравенство: как не примитивизировать проблему. Вопросы экономики. 2017;(4):117-139. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2017-4-117-139Kapelyushnikov R. I. Inequality: How not to primitivize the problem. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2017;(4):117-139. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2017-4-117-139Alvaredo F., Chancel L., Piketty T., Saez E., Zucman G. World inequality report 2018. URL: https://wir2018.wid.world/files/download/wir2018-full-report-english.pdf (accessed on 04.06.2020).Alvaredo F., Chancel L., Piketty T., Saez E., Zucman G. World inequality report 2018. URL: https://wir2018.wid.world/files/download/wir2018-full-report-english.pdf (accessed on 04.06.2020).Michalek A., Vybostok J. Economic growth, inequality and poverty in the EU. Social Indicators Research. 2019;141(2):611-630. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-018-1858-7Michalek A., Vybostok J. Economic growth, inequality and poverty in the EU. Social Indicators Research. 2019;141(2):611-630. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-018-1858-7Wiedmann T., Lenzen M., KeyKer L., Steinberger J. Scientists’ warning on affluence. Nature Communications. 2020;11:3107. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16941-yWiedmann T., Lenzen M., KeyKer L., Steinberger J. Scientists’ warning on affluence. Nature Communications. 2020;11:3107. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16941-yKuznets S. Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review. 1955;45(1):1-28. URL: https://assets.aeaweb.org/asset-server/files/9438.pdfKuznets S. Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review. 1955;45(1):1-28. URL: https://assets.aeaweb.org/asset-server/files/9438.pdfTridico P. Inequality in financial capitalism. 1st ed. London, New York: Routledge; 2017. 252 p. (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy. No. 226). DOI: 10.4324/9781315672083Tridico P. Inequality in financial capitalism. 1st ed. London, New York: Routledge; 2017. 252 p. (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy. No. 226). DOI: 10.4324/9781315672083Homer S., Sylla R. A history of interest rates. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005. 736 p. (Wiley Finance Series). URL: http://vnn1.online.fr/Cafeteria/Financial_Accounting_Banking/A.History.of.Interest.Rates.Wiley.Finance.Series.4th.Ed.eBook-YYePG.pdfHomer S., Sylla R. A history of interest rates. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005. 736 p. (Wiley Finance Series). URL: http://vnn1.online.fr/Cafeteria/Financial_Accounting_Banking/A.History.of.Interest.Rates.Wiley.Finance.Series.4th.Ed.eBook-YYePG.pdfStiglitz J. E. Making globalization work. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Co.; 2006. 374 p.Stiglitz J. E. Making globalization work. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Co.; 2006. 374 p.Alesina A., Glaeser E., Sacerdote B. Why doesn’t the US have a European-style welfare state? Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper. 2001;(1933). URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/glaeser/files/why_doesnt_the_u.s._have_a_european-style_welfare_state.pdfAlesina A., Glaeser E., Sacerdote B. Why doesn’t the US have a European-style welfare state? Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper. 2001;(1933). URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/glaeser/files/why_doesnt_the_u.s._have_a_european-style_welfare_state.pdfТрофимов А. В., Вельбой М. А. Проблема товарного дефицита в СССР 1980-х годов в современной историографии. Известия Уральского государственного экономического университета. 2007;(1):272-279. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-tovarnogo-defitsita-v-sssr-1980-h-godov-v-sovremennoy-istoriografiiTrofimov A. V., Vel’boi M. A. The problem of commodity deficit in the USSR in the 1980s in modern historiography. Izvestiya Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta = Journal of the Ural State University of Economics. 2007;(1):272-279. URL: https://cyberleninka.rU/artide/n/problema-tovamogo-defitsita—v-sssr-1980-h-godov-v-sovremennoy-istoriografii (In Russ.).Путинцева Н. А. Современный этап приватизации в России: ее особенности, альтернативы и последствия. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2016;(12-5):185-186. DOI: 10.18454/IRJ.2016.54.221Putintseva N. A. The current stage of privatization in Russia: Its features, alternatives and consequences. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatel’skii zhurnal = International Research Journal. 2016;(12-5):185-186. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18454/IRJ.2016.54.221Дорофеев М. Л. Экономическое неравенство в России: проблемы и пути их решения. Вестник Университета (Государственный университет управления). 2020;(9):85-93. DOI 10.26425/1816-4277-2020-9-85-93Dorofeev M. L. Economic inequality in Russia: problems and ways of their solution. Vestnik Universiteta (Gosudarstvennyi universitet upravleniya). 2020;(9):85-93. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26425/1816-4277-2020-9-85-93Damir-Geilsdorf S., Pelican M. Between regular and irregular employment: Subverting the kafala system in the GCC countries. Migration and Development. 2019;8(2):155-175. DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2018.1479215Damir-Geilsdorf S., Pelican M. Between regular and irregular employment: Subverting the kafala system in the GCC countries. Migration and Development. 2019;8(2):155-175. DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2018.1479215Morozko N., Morozko N., Didenko V. Determinants of the savings market in Russia. Banks and Bank Systems. 2018;13(1):196-208. DOI: 10.21511/bbs.13(1).2018.18Morozko N., Morozko N., Didenko V. Determinants of the savings market in Russia. Banks and Bank Systems. 2018;13(1):196-208. DOI: 10.21511/bbs.13(1).2018.18Bogliacino F., Maestri V. Increasing economic inequalities? In: Salverda W., Nolan B., Checchi D., Marx I., McKnight A., Toth I., van de Werfhorst H., eds. Changing inequalities in rich countries: Analytical and comparative perspectives. Oxford: OUP Publ.; 2014:15-48.Bogliacino F., Maestri V. Increasing economic inequalities? In: Salverda W., Nolan B., Checchi D., Marx I., McKnight A., Toth I., van de Werfhorst H., eds. Changing inequalities in rich countries: Analytical and comparative perspectives. Oxford: OUP Publ.; 2014:15-48.Pedrelli M. Developing countries and the ICT revolution: Final study. European Parliament. 2001;(296.692). URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2001/296692/DG-4-JOIN_ET(2001)296692_ EN.pdfPedrelli M. Developing countries and the ICT revolution: Final study. European Parliament. 2001;(296.692). URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2001/296692/DG-4-JOIN_ET(2001)296692_EN.pdfPerez C. Technological revolutions and financial capital: The bubbles and dynamics of golden ages. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.; 2003. 224 p.Perez C. Technological revolutions and financial capital: The bubbles and dynamics of golden ages. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.; 2003. 224 p.Rogoff K. International institutions for reducing global financial instability. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1999;13(4):21-42. DOI: 10.1257/jep.13.4.21Rogoff K. International institutions for reducing global financial instability. The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1999;13(4):21-42. DOI: 10.1257/jep.13.4.21Blackmore V., Jeapes E. The global financial crisis: One global financial regulator or multiple regulators? Capital Markets Law Journal. 2009;4(Suppl. 1): S 112-S 122. DOI: 10.1093/cmlj/kmp022Blackmore V., Jeapes E. The global financial crisis: One global financial regulator or multiple regulators? Capital Markets Law Journal. 2009;4(Suppl. 1): S 112-S 122. DOI: 10.1093/cmlj/kmp022Jones E., Knaack P. Global financial regulation: Shortcomings and reform options. Global Policy. 2019;10(2):193-206. DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12656Jones E., Knaack P. Global financial regulation: Shortcomings and reform options. Global Policy. 2019;10(2):193-206. DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12656Christensen R., Hearson, M. The new politics of global tax governance: Taking stock a decade after the financial crisis. Review of International Political Economy. 2019;26(5):1068-1088. DOI: 10.1080/09692290.2019.1625802Christensen R., Hearson, M. The new politics of global tax governance: Taking stock a decade after the financial crisis. Review of International Political Economy. 2019;26(5):1068-1088. DOI: 10.1080/09692290.2019.1625802Дорофеев М. Л. Актуальные вызовы, стоящие перед системой макропруденциального регулирования экономики в современных условиях. Банковское дело. 2020;(5):44-51.Dorofeev M. L. Actual challenges facing the system of macroprudential regulation of the economy in modern conditions. Bankovskoe delo = Banking. 2020;(5):44-51. (In Russ.).De Francesco F., Guaschino E. Reframing knowledge: A comparison of OECD and World Bank discourse on public governance reform. Policy and Society. 2020;39(1):113-128. DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2019.1609391De Francesco F., Guaschino E. Reframing knowledge: A comparison of OECD and World Bank discourse on public governance reform. Policy and Society. 2020;39(1):113-128. DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2019.1609391

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.