financeФинансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and PracticeFinance: Theory and Practice2587-56712587-7089Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation10.26794/2587-5671-2021-25-2-76-95finance-1186Research ArticleБАНКОВСКИЙ СЕКТОРBANK SECTORБанки в финансировании «зеленой» экономики: обзор современных исследованийBanks Financing the Green Economy: A Review of Current Researchhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-575XМирошниченкоО. С.MiroshnichenkoO. S.

Ольга Сергеевна Мирошниченко — доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры экономики и финансов, руководитель магистерской программы «Финансовая экономика (финансомика)»

Tyumen

Ol’ga S. Miroshnichenko — Dr. Sci. (Econ), Assoc. Prof., Prof. of the Department of Economics and Finance, Head of the Master’s degree program in Financial Economics (Finance)

Tyumen

o.s.miroshnichenko@utmn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5267-8759БрандН. А.BrandN. A.

Наталья Александровна Бранд — аспирант кафедры экономики и финансов

Tyumen

Natal’ya A. Brand — Postgraduate Student, Department of Economics and Finance

Tyumen

n.a.mostovaya@inbox.ruТюменский государственный университетРоссияUniversity of TyumenRussian Federation2021290420212527695Copyright © Мирошниченко О.С., Бранд Н.А., 20212021Мирошниченко О.С., Бранд Н.А.Miroshnichenko O.S., Brand N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1186

Достижение целей устойчивого развития, переход на «зеленую» экономику требуют значительных финансовых ресурсов. Активными участниками процессов финансирования проектов и производств с положительным экологическим и социальным эффектом выступают банки. В связи с этим научный и практический интерес представляют формирующаяся ответственная деятельность банков и ее регулирование, что определяет актуальность исследования. Цель работы — обобщение и систематизация результатов научных исследований участия банков в финансировании «зеленой» экономики. В контексте исторического подхода авторы применяли методы критического анализа, логического обобщения, систематизации и группировки; базой исследования выступили научные публикации российских и зарубежных авторов. В результате обосновано соотношение понятий «зеленый», «устойчивый», «ответственный» банк; установлено, что наибольшее развитие в банковской практике получают такие «зеленые» финансовые инструменты, как «зеленые» бонды, в некоторых странах — «зеленые» кредиты, вводятся в практику «зеленые» депозиты, «зеленый» лизинг, используется «зеленое» страхование. Регулирование ответственного банкинга осуществляется инструментами монетарной и макропруденциальной политики; в ряде стран стимулирующее регулирование ответственного банкинга является обязательным. Сделан вывод, что практика ответственного банкинга идет по пути трансформации классических продуктов и услуг в эколого и социально ориентированные, сопровождается трансформацией бизнес-процессов, культуры управления, содержания банковской политики. Ответственный банкинг способствует обеспечению финансовой стабильности, однако регулятору необходимо использовать макропруденциальный инструментарий для своевременного выявления «зеленого» кредитного «пузыря», в том числе путем климатического, экологического стресс-тестирования. Перспективы дальнейших исследований направлены на оценку влияния «зеленых» финансовых инструментов на показатели деятельности банка, роли ответственного банкинга в достижении целей устойчивого развития, на поиск наиболее эффективных монетарных и макропруденциальных инструментов стимулирования ответственного банкинга и обеспечения финансовой стабильности.

Achieving the goals of sustainable development and the transition to a green economy requires significant financial resources. Banks are active participants in the financing of projects and industries with a positive environmental and social impact. In this regard, the emerging responsible banking and its regulation are of scientific and practical interest, which ensures the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to generalize and systematize the results of scientific research on the participation of banks in financing the green economy. In the context of the historical approach, the authors apply the methods of critical analysis, logical generalization, systematization, and grouping. The research is based on scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors. As a result, the authors substantiated the correlation of the concepts “green”,“sustainable”,“responsible” bank, and identified that such green financial instruments as green bonds, in some countries — green loans, green deposits, green leasing, and green insurance are being introduced into banking practices. Responsible banking is regulated using monetary and macroprudential policy instruments; in some countries, incentive-based regulation of responsible banking is mandatory. The authors concluded that responsible banking is moving towards the transformation of classic products and services into environmentally and socially oriented ones, accompanied by the transformation of business processes, management culture, and the content of banking policy. Responsible banking contributes to ensuring financial stability, but the regulator needs to use macroprudential tools to timely identify a green credit bubble, including through climate and environmental stress testing. Prospects for further research are aimed at assessing the impact of green financial instruments on the bank’s performance, the role of responsible banking in achieving sustainable development goals, at finding the most effective monetary and macroprudential tools to stimulate responsible banking and ensure financial stability.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.