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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2021-25-5-150-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1327</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL FINANCIAL ASSETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция криптовалюты биткоин как финансового актива</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of bitcoin as a Financial Asset</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-3946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Дмитриевич Шилов — научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill D. Shilov — Researcher, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shilov-kd@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-5271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Витальевич Зубарев — кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Zubarev — Can. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Applied Economic Research</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">texxik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладных экономических исследований РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Applied Economic Study, RANEPA</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шилов К.Д., Зубарев А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шилов К.Д., Зубарев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilov K.D., Zubarev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1327">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1327</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2020 г. дискуссия вокруг криптовалют развернулась с новой силой на фоне роста котировок, превысивших уровень конца 2017 г. Целью настоящей работы является анализ возможных факторов ценообразования биткоина на различных этапах становления рынка криптовалют: до пузыря 2017 г., после него и во время пандемии COVID-19. Основным методом анализа являются модели условной гетероскедастичности с использованием условного обобщенного нормального распределения (GARCH-GED). В качестве возможных факторов, связанных с динамикой биткоина, использованы две группы показателей. Первая группа представляет из себя различные количественные показатели, связанные непосредственно с биткоином (внутренние факторы)? — объемы биржевой торговли, объем транзакций в блокчейне биткоина, количество новых и активных кошельков, хэшрейт, объем комиссий в блокчейне, а также динамика поисковых запросов Google Trends. Во вторую группу переменных входят доходности различных финансовых активов — индексов рынков акций, облигаций, товаров и валют. Результаты анализа демонстрируют отсутствие устойчивой корреляции каких-либо из рассматриваемых факторов с доходностями биткоина на протяжении всех рассматриваемых периодов. Так, в период до пузыря 2017 г. внутренние факторы и доходности биткоина демонстрировали в целом сонаправленную динамику, однако после 2017 г. ситуация изменилась. К началу 2021 г. значительно выросла корреляция между доходностями биткоина и традиционными финансовыми активами. Сделан вывод, что биткоин становится востребованным средством диверсификации в качестве высокорискового актива, имеющего, однако, по состоянию на начало 2021 г. некоторые признаки пузыря. Повышенный спрос на потребность инвестирования в биткоин с помощью различных биржевых инструментов (ETF на криптовалюты) в ближайшем будущем может привести к дальнейшему росту цены данной криптовалюты в случае, если такие инструменты будут зарегистрированы на бирже</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The cryptocurrency market debate resumed in 2020 with renewed vigour as the price of Bitcoin surpassed late 2017 highs. This study aims to analyse possible factors of Bitcoin’s pricing at various cryptocurrency market development stages — before the 2017 price bubble, after and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main method of analysis is a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model with conditional generalized error distribution (GARCHGED). Two groups of indicators are used as possible factors related to the Bitcoin dynamics. The first group consists of various quantitative indicators directly related to Bitcoin (the so-called internal factors) — the volume of exchange trade, the volume of transactions in the Bitcoin blockchain, the number of new and active wallets, hash rate, the sum of fees paid in the blockchain, as well as the dynamics of Google Trends search queries. The second group is the return on various financial assets — stock and bond indexes, commodities, and currency markets. The results of the analysis demonstrate the absence of a stable correlation between any of the factors under consideration and Bitcoin returns in all the periods that we focus on. In the period before the 2017 price bubble, the internal factors and Bitcoin returns showed generally co-directional dynamics, but the situation changed in 2018. In early 2021, the correlation between Bitcoin and traditional financial assets returns has increased significantly. We can conclude that Bitcoin is becoming a popular means of diversification as a high-risk asset, which, however, follows the pattern of a speculative bubble at the beginning of 2021. The increased demand for the need to invest in Bitcoin using various exchange-traded instruments (ETFs for cryptocurrencies) may soon lead to a further increase in the price of this cryptocurrency if such instruments are registered on the exchange.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криптовалюта</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>биткоин</kwd><kwd>GARCH</kwd><kwd>финансовые рынки</kwd><kwd>финансовые активы</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Google Trends</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryptocurrency</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>Bitcoin</kwd><kwd>GARCH</kwd><kwd>financial markets</kwd><kwd>financial assets</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Google Trends</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного зада- ния РАНХиГС. РАНХиГС, Москва, Россия</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme. RANEPA, Moscow, Russia</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Столбов М.И. К десятилетию рынка криптовалют: текущее состояние и перспективы. Вопросы экономики. 2019;(5):136–148. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2019–5–136–148</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolbov M.I. The 10th anniversary of the cryptocurrency market: Its current state and prospects. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2019;(5):136–148. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2019–5–136–148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов К. Д., Зубарев А. В. Блокчейн и распределенные реестры как виды баз данных. 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