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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-1-41-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация монетарной политики государств в период глобальной пандемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monetary policy transformation of major central banks during the COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-2039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудинова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudinova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Михайловна Кудинова — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник отдела международных рынков капитала</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya M. Kudinova — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Senior Researcher, Department of International Capital Markets</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kudinovamaria2010@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений имени Е. М. Примакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудинова М.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудинова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudinova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1499">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1499</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — оценка масштабов, эффективности и ключевых инструментов монетарной политики развитых и развивающихся стран в период первой волны пандемии COVID-19. Методологической основой исследования стали отчеты центральных банков стран, участвующих в выборке, о проведении ими монетарной политики, а также материалы международных организаций и участников финансового рынка. Автор оценил масштабы финансовой поддержки экономики со стороны центральных банков крупнейших развитых и развивающихся стран в период кризиса, включая размеры и долю количественного смягчения в общем ее объеме. Выделены и охарактеризованы основные группы мер монетарной политики стран в период пандемии COVID-19. Выявлены отличия между денежной политикой развитых и развивающихся стран в период пандемии коронавируса. Показано, что в развитых странах центральные банки оказали более высокие объемы прямой помощи. Определено различие в инструментарии монетарной политики: в развивающихся странах использованы традиционные методы денежно-кредитной политики, а в развитых странах отмечено широкое использование нетрадиционного инструментария, прежде всего — количественного смягчения. Дана предварительная оценка эффективности денежной политики таких стран, как Китай и Россия. Сделан вывод, что последствиями проводимой в 2020 г. развитыми странами монетарной политики может стать длительная стагнация в данных странах и быстрое восстановление развивающихся рынков за счет притока на них спекулятивного капитала из развитых стран. Представлен прогноз общего вектора монетарной политики стран после завершения пандемии COVID-19 и определяющих его факторов. Беспрецедентные масштабы прямой финансовой поддержки экономик со стороны центральных банков развитых стран в 2020 г., прежде всего благодаря денежной эмиссии, оказали позитивное влияние на экономическую конъюнктуру в данных странах в краткосрочной перспективе, однако долгосрочные последствия подобной политики требуют дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper aims to assess the scope, effectiveness and key instruments of monetary policy in advanced and emerging markets during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological basis of the study was the reports of the central banks of the sample countries and the data of international organizations and financial market participants on monetary policies. The author assesses the scope of financial support for the economy by the central banks of the largest advanced and emerging markets during the crisis, including the size and share of quantitative easing in its total volume. The study identifies and characterizes the main groups of monetary policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also shows the monetary policy differences of advanced and emerging economies during the pandemic. The paper highlights larger direct financial support from the central banks of advanced countries. The difference in monetary policy instruments is that advanced economies use traditional monetary policy measures while emerging economies widely apply unconventional monetary policy instruments, primarily quantitative easing. The article presents a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of monetary policy in China and Russia. The author concludes that the consequences of the monetary policy pursued by advanced countries in 2020 may lead to long-term stagnation in these countries and the rapid recovery of emerging markets due to the inflow of speculative capital from advanced countries. The study provides a post-pandemic forecast of the general direction of monetary policy and its driving factors. Enormous direct financial support, primarily through quantitative easing, from the central banks of advanced countries in 2020 had a positive impact on the economy in the short run, but the long-term consequences of such policies require further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денежно-кредитная (монетарная) политика</kwd><kwd>пандемия коронавируса</kwd><kwd>агрессивное смягчение</kwd><kwd>нетрадиционные инструменты денежной политики</kwd><kwd>количественное смягчение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd><kwd>ultra-accommodative monetary policy</kwd><kwd>unconventional monetary policy tools</kwd><kwd>quantitative easing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassim Z., Handjiski B., Schubert J., Zouaoui Y. The $ 10 trillion rescue: How governments can deliver impact. 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