<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-3-186-195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1675</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ И ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Процентный риск облигаций в условиях изменяющейся ключевой ставки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interest Rate Risk of Bonds in the Condition of a Changing Key Rate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-5249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Попова — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры высшей математики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya V. Popova — Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Higher Mathematics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nat_popova_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1675">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1675</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу поведения процентного риска облигаций в условиях изменяющейся ключевой процентной ставки. Как известно, ключевая ставка — это инструмент денежно-кредитного регулирования Центрального банка Российской Федерации. В периоды нестабильности ключевая ставка может меняться, что влечет изменения доходностей на рынке облигаций. Последнее, в свою очередь, означает подверженность облигаций на российском рынке процентному риску. При инвестициях в облигации федерального займа (ОФЗ) процентный риск становится основным видом риска, поскольку кредитный риск таких облигаций отсутствует. Цель исследования — получить доказательство зависимости процентного риска облигаций от срока до погашения. Для решения этой задачи использованы методы дифференциального исчисления. Новизна работы состоит в том, что подобное доказательство отсутствует в литературе. Нестабильность процентных ставок на рынке сохраняется и в настоящее время, что позволяет говорить об актуальности данной работы. Результаты: установлено, что при фиксированных значениях купонной ставки, начальной доходности и величины изменения процентной ставки процентный риск облигаций увеличивается с увеличением срока до погашения. Для долгосрочных облигаций, продающихся с дисконтом, существует срок максимума процентного риска. Получена формула для приближенного значения срока максимума. Доказанные утверждения подтверждаются вычислениями, согласуются с ранее выполненным исследованием и соответствуют рыночным наблюдениям. Вывод: полученное в статье доказательство зависимости процентного риска облигаций от срока до погашения может быть использовано для анализа поведения процентного риска облигаций в условиях изменяющейся ключевой процентной ставки. Практическая значимость работы: результаты работы могут быть полезны эмитенту и инвестору, а также в теории при изучении инвестиционных свойств облигаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the behavior of the interest rate risk of bonds in the conditions of a changing key interest rate. As known, the key rate is an instrument of monetary regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. During periods of instability, the key rate may change, which leads to changes in yields in the bond market. The latter, in turn, means that bonds on the Russian market are exposed to interest rate risk. When investing in federal loan bonds (OFZ), interest rate risk becomes the main type of risk, since there is no credit risk in such bonds. The aim of the paper is to obtain proof of the dependence of the interest rate risk of bonds on the term to maturity. The author applies methods of differential calculus to obtain the proof. The novelty of the research is that there is no similar proof in the literature. The instability of interest rates in the market persists at the present time, which allows us to speak about the relevance of this work. Results: it is established that with fixed values of the coupon rate, initial yield and the amount of interest rate change, the interest risk of bonds increases with an increase in the term to maturity. For longterm bonds sold at a discount, there is a term of a maximum interest rate risk. The formula for the approximate value of the term of maximum is obtained. Proven statements are confirmed by calculations, are consistent with previously performed studies, and are in line with market observations. The author comes to the conclusion that the proof obtained in the article of the dependence of the interest rate risk of bonds on the term to maturity can be used to analyze the behavior of the interest rate risk of bonds in the conditions of a changing key interest rate. The practical significance: the results of the research can be useful to the issuer and investor, as well as in theory when studying the investment properties of bonds.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>облигации</kwd><kwd>процентный риск</kwd><kwd>математические методы</kwd><kwd>срок до погашения</kwd><kwd>ключевая процентная ставка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bonds</kwd><kwd>interest rate risk</kwd><kwd>mathematical methods</kwd><kwd>term to maturity</kwd><kwd>key interest rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фабоцци Ф. Дж. Рынок облигаций: Анализ и стратегии. 2-е изд. Пер. с англ. М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс; 2007. 950 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabozzi F.J. Bond markets, analysis and strategies. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.; 2012. 744 p. (Russ. ed.: Fabozzi F.J. Rynok obligatsii: Analiz i strategii. 2nd ed. Moscow: Alpina Business Books; 2007. 950 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Россохин В.В. Анализ учета факторов риска в доходности облигаций. М.: Интернаука; 2019. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossokhin V.V. Analysis of risk factors in bond yields. Moscow: Internauka; 2019. 112 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буклемишев О.В. Рынок еврооблигаций. М.: Дело; 1999. 232 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buklemishev O.V. Eurobond market. Moscow: Delo; 1999. 232 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fabozzi F.J. Duration estimation for bonds and bond portfolios. In: Fabozzi F.J., ed. Handbook of finance (in 3 vols.). Vol. III. Valuation, financial modeling, and qualitative tools. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470404324.hof003015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabozzi F.J. Duration estimation for bonds and bond portfolios. In: Fabozzi F.J., ed. Handbook of finance (in 3 vols.). Vol. III. Valuation, financial modeling, and qualitative tools. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470404324.hof003015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаев А.К., Демьянов В.Н. Анализ факторов, влияющих на доходность корпоративных облигаций. Исследование и проектирование интеллектуальных систем в автомобилестроении, авиастроении и машиностроении (ISMCA’ 2018). (Таганрог, 19–20 апреля 2018 г.). Мат. Всерос. науч.-практ. конф. с междунар. участием. Таганрог: ЭльДирект; 2018:136–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isaev A. K., Dem’yanov V. N. Analysis of factors affecting the yield of corporate bonds. In: Research and design of intelligent systems in automotive, aircraft and mechanical engineering (ISMCA’ 2018). (Taganrog, Apr. 19–20, 2018). Proc. All-Russ. sci-pract. conf. with int. particip. Taganrog: ElDirect; 2018:136–140. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Che-Yahya N., Abdul-Rahim R., Mohd-Rashid R. Determinants of corporate bond yield: The case of Malaysian Bond Market. International Journal of Business and Society. 2016;17(2):245–258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Che-Yahya N., Abdul-Rahim R., Mohd-Rashid R. Determinants of corporate bond yield: The case of Malaysian Bond Market. International Journal of Business and Society. 2016;17(2):245–258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yanto D., Darmansyah D. Determination yield to maturity bonds, audit quality as moderators. Jurnal Ecodemica: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis. 2021;5(1):1–14. DOI: 10.31294/jeco.v5i1.8604</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanto D., Darmansyah D. Determination yield to maturity bonds, audit quality as moderators. Jurnal Ecodemica: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis. 2021;5(1):1–14. DOI: 10.31294/jeco.v5i1.8604</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhar S. Determinants of corporate bond’s yields in economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ ssrn.2761308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhar S. Determinants of corporate bond’s yields in economy. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ ssrn.2761308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Listiawati L. N., Paramita V. S. Pengaruh tingkat suku bunga, inflasi, Debt to equity ratio, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap yield obligasi pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2010– 2016. Jurnal Manajemen. 2018;15(1):33–51. DOI: 10.25170/jm.v15i1.97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Listiawati L. N., Paramita V. S. Pengaruh tingkat suku bunga, inflasi, Debt to equity ratio, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap yield obligasi pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2010– 2016. Jurnal Manajemen. 2018;15(1):33–51. DOI: 10.25170/jm.v15i1.97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simu N. Determinants of Indonesia corporate bond yield. Business and Economic Horizons. 2017;13(5):619–629. DOI: 10.15208/beh.2017.42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simu N. Determinants of Indonesia corporate bond yield. Business and Economic Horizons. 2017;13(5):619–629. DOI: 10.15208/beh.2017.42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sintami А.А., Marsoem B.S. Analysis of factors affecting yield to maturity of corporate bonds traded on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016–2018. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2020;5(7):1443–1451. DOI: 10.38124/IJISRT20JUL733</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sintami А.А., Marsoem B.S. Analysis of factors affecting yield to maturity of corporate bonds traded on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016–2018. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2020;5(7):1443–1451. DOI: 10.38124/IJISRT20JUL733</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suryaningprang A., Suteja J. Analysis of interest rate, capital structure and information risk on yield to maturity and its application on company value: A case study of bond companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2009 to 2013. In: The 1st Inter-University forum for strengthening academic competency (IFSAC). (Bandung, Oct. 2–3, 2018). Bandung: Research Institute of Universitas Pasundan Press; 2018:2–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suryaningprang A., Suteja J. Analysis of interest rate, capital structure and information risk on yield to maturity and its application on company value: A case study of bond companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2009 to 2013. In: The 1st Inter-University forum for strengthening academic competency (IFSAC). (Bandung, Oct. 2–3, 2018). Bandung: Research Institute of Universitas Pasundan Press; 2018:2–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гитман Л. Дж., Джонк М.Д. Основы инвестирования. Пер. с англ. М.: Дело; 1999. 1008 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitman L.J., Joehnk M.D. Fundamentals of investing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1998. 720 p. (Russ. ed.: Gitman L.J., Joehnk M.D. Osnovy investirovaniya. Moscow: Delo; 1999. 1008 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якимчук А.Ю., Тепленко А.И., Конягина М.Н. Влияние ключевой ставки на темпы инфляции в современной России. Вестник Академии знаний. 2020;(2):490–495. DOI: 10.24411/2304–6139–2020– 10217</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakimchuk A. Yu., Teplenko A. I., Konyagina M. N. The impact of key rates on inflation in modern Russia. Vestnik Akademii znanii = Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge. 2020;(2):490–495. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/2304–6139–2020–10217</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаламов Г.А., Агеева Н.А. Ключевая ставка Банка России как инструмент регулирования уровня инфляции. Финансовая экономика. 2019;(4):451–455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalamov G.A., Ageeva N.A. Key bet of the Bank of Russia as a tool for regulating the inflation level. Finansovaya ekonomika = Financial Economy. 2019;(4):451–455. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балкоев И.М. Влияние денежно-кредитной политики ЦБ на ценообразование финансовых активов. Научный альманах. 2017;(10–1):33–36. DOI: 10.17117/na.2017.10.01.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balkoev I. M. Influence of monetary policy of the Central Bank on the pricing of financial assets. Nauchnyi al’manakh = Science Almanac. 2017;(10–1):33–36. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17117/na.2017.10.01.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова Н.В. Рыночные теоремы и их продолжение. Вестник Российского экономического университета имени Г.В. Плеханова. 2013;(7):93–101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova N.V. Market theorems and their continuation. Vestnik Rossiiskogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta imeni G.V. Plekhanova = Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 2013;(7):93–101. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельников А.В., Попова Н.В., Скорнякова В.С. Математические методы финансового анализа. М.: Анкил; 2006. 440 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mel’nikov A.V., Popova N.V., Skornyakova V. S. Mathematical methods of financial analysis. Moscow: Ankil; 2006. 440 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajlouni M.M. Properties and limitations of duration as a measure of time structure of bond and interest rate risk. International Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2012;6(4):46–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajlouni M.M. Properties and limitations of duration as a measure of time structure of bond and interest rate risk. International Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2012;6(4):46–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsia C.-C., Weston J. F. Price behavior of deep discount bonds. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 1981;5(3):357–361. DOI: 10.1016/0378–4266(81)90031–5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsia C.-C., Weston J. F. Price behavior of deep discount bonds. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 1981;5(3):357–361. DOI: 10.1016/0378–4266(81)90031–5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanovski Z., Stojanovski T. D., Ivanovska N. Interest rate risk of bond prices on Macedonian Stock Exchange — Empirical test of the duration, modified duration and convexity and bonds valuation. Economic Research. 2013;26(3):47–62. DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2013.11517621</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanovski Z., Stojanovski T. D., Ivanovska N. Interest rate risk of bond prices on Macedonian Stock Exchange — Empirical test of the duration, modified duration and convexity and bonds valuation. Economic Research. 2013;26(3):47–62. DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2013.11517621</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Livingston M., Zhou L. Exponential duration: A more accurate estimation of interest rate risk. The Journal of Financial Research. 2005;28(3):343–361. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475–6803.2005.00128.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livingston M., Zhou L. Exponential duration: A more accurate estimation of interest rate risk. The Journal of Financial Research. 2005;28(3):343–361. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475–6803.2005.00128.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nia N.M., Alouj H.A., Pireivatlou A.S. Interest rate risk of zero-coupon bond prices on National Stock Exchange (NSE) — Empirical test of the duration, modified duration, convexity and immunization risk. Archives des Sciences. 2012;65(9):168–187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nia N.M., Alouj H.A., Pireivatlou A. S. Interest rate risk of zero-coupon bond prices on National Stock Exchange (NSE) — Empirical test of the duration, modified duration, convexity and immunization risk. Archives des Sciences. 2012;65(9):168–187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shirvani H., Wilbratte B. Duration and bond price volatility: Some further results. Journal of Economics and Finance Education. 2005;4(1):1–6. URL: https://www.economics-finance.org/jefe/fin/Wilbratepaper2.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirvani H., Wilbratte B. Duration and bond price volatility: Some further results. Journal of Economics and Finance Education. 2005;4(1):1–6. URL: https://www.economics-finance.org/jefe/fin/Wilbratepaper2. pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawawini G.A. On the mathematics of Macaulay’s duration: A note. INSEAD Research Working Paper. 1981;(82/03). URL: https://flora.insead.edu/fichiersti_wp/inseadwp1982/82–03.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawawini G.A. On the mathematics of Macaulay’s duration: A note. INSEAD Research Working Paper. 1981;(82/03). URL: https://flora.insead.edu/fichiersti_wp/inseadwp1982/82–03.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pianca P. Maximum duration of below par bonds: A closed-form formula. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2005. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.738445</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pianca P. Maximum duration of below par bonds: A closed-form formula. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2005. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.738445</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова Н. В. О некоторых свойствах дюрации Маколея. Вестник Финансового университета. 2011;(1):42–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova N.V. Discussing Macaulay duration features. Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Financial University. 2011;(1):42–46. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова Н.В. Влияние срока до погашения на изменчивость цены облигации. Вестник Финансового университета. 2013;(3):72–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova N.V. Maturity impact on bond price volatility. Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Financial University. 2013;(3):72–84. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malkiel B. Expectations, bond prices, and the term structure of interest rates. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1962;76(2):197–218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malkiel B. Expectations, bond prices, and the term structure of interest rates. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1962;76(2):197–218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
