<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-6-115-130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОРПОРАТИВНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CORPORATE FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние долговой устойчивости госкомпаний на внешний корпоративный долг России в условиях санкций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Impact of the Debt Sustainability of State-Owned Companies on Russia’s Corporate External Debt under Sanctions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4606-1226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переход</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perekhod</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Переход – ассистент департамента финансовых рынков и финансового инжиниринга</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Perekhod – Assist. of the Department of Financial Markets and Financial Engineering</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sperekhod@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-281X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столяров</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoljarov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Иванович Столяров – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, заместитель заведующего базовой кафедры инфраструктуры финансовых рынков</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey I. Stolyarov – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Deputy Head of the Basic Department of Financial Market Infrastructure</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Astolyarov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-5462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семяшкин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semjashkin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефим Григорьевич Семяшкин – соискатель; ведущийэкономист</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Efim G. Semyashkin – applicant; Leading economist</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semyashkin-efim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2081-5074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивницкая</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivnickaja</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Пивницкая – аналитик данных</p><p>Сан-Франциско</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Pivnickaya – Data Scientist</p><p>San Francisco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pivnitskaya.natali@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University «Higher School of Economics»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГИМО МИД РФ; Банк России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO MFA of RF; Bank of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>State Farm Insurance</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Farm Insurance</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Переход С.А., Столяров А.И., Семяшкин Е.Г., Пивницкая Н.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Переход С.А., Столяров А.И., Семяшкин Е.Г., Пивницкая Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perekhod S.A., Stoljarov A.I., Semjashkin E.G., Pivnickaja N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1869">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1869</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования – влияние долговой нагрузки госкомпаний на динамику внешнего корпоративного долга России. Актуальность обусловлена беспрецедентной комбинацией санкций в 2022 г., которые создали риски дефолта национальных компаний. Цель статьи – выявление факторов, влияющих на изменения величины объема внешнего долга. На основе поквартальной выборки за 2010–2019 гг. (37 наблюдений) методом наименьших квадратов (МНК) построена регрессионная модель зависимости динамики корпоративного долга от микро- и макроэкономических факторов [коэффициента обслуживания долга и кредитного рейтинга компаний, иностранных активов, индекса финансового стресса АКРА, изменения курса USDRUB, кредитно-дефолтного свопа (CDS), объема экспорта, величины платежного баланса]. Проведен анализ их кредитного риска путем сравнения динамики коэффициента долговой устойчивости (DSR) с рейтингом и стоимостью CDS, рассчитано поквартальное обеспечение долга доходом. В результате проверки гипотез выявлена положительная взаимосвязь DSR и рейтингов госкомпаний на изменения внешнего долга банков, тогда как для предприятий они не играют ключевой роли. Сделан вывод, что рост кредитных премий в 2014–2015 гг. был обусловлен политическими факторами, а к новому кризису компании накопили резервы для нивелирования шока. Предложены меры по снижению долговых рисков – координация заемной политики, долговое «импортозамещение», мониторинг новых финансовых показателей компаний, контроль трансграничного движения капитала и др.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the research is the influence of the debt burden of state-owned companies on the dynamics of Russia’s corporate external debt. The relevance is due to the unprecedented combination of sanctions in 2022, which created default risks of national companies. The goal of the article is to identify factors influencing changes in the amount of external debt. Based on a quarterly sample for 2010–2019 (37 observations), using the least squares method (LSM), a regression model was built for the dependence of corporate debt dynamics on micro– and macroeconomic factors (debt service ratio and credit rating of companies, foreign assets, ACRA financial stress index, rate changes of USD/RUB, credit default swap (CDS), export volume, balance of payments). An analysis of their credit risk was carried out by comparing the dynamics of the debt sustainability ratio (DSR) with the rating and cost of CDS, and the quarterly income support of debt was calculated. As a result of testing the hypotheses, a positive relationship was revealed between DSR and ratings of state-owned companies for changes in banks’ external debt, while for enterprises they do not play a key role. It was concluded that the growth of loan premiums in 2014–2015 was due to political factors, and by the new crisis, the companies had accumulated reserves for absorbing the shock. Measures are proposed to reduce debt risks – coordination of debt policy, debt «import substitution», monitoring of new financial indicators of companies, control of cross-border capital flow, etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внешний долг</kwd><kwd>CDS</kwd><kwd>кредитный рейтинг</kwd><kwd>дефолт</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>риск-менеджмент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>external debt</kwd><kwd>CDS</kwd><kwd>credit rating</kwd><kwd>default</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность заместителю директора департамента исследований и прогнозирования Банка России Андрею Синякову и аналитику ИК «Финам» Павлу Саморядову за ценные комментарии, которые были использованы при подготовке статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to thank Andrey Sinyakov, Deputy Director of the Research and Forecasting Department of the Bank of Russia, and Pavel Samoryadov, analyst at Finam Investment Company, for valuable comments that were used in preparing the articles.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров М. В. Финансирование компаний в условиях замедления экономики и санкций. Финансы: теория и практика. 2018;22(3):84–99. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2018–22–3–84–99</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov M. V. Financing companies in the context of economic slowdown and sanctions. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2018;22(3):84–99. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2018–22–3–84–99</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сенчагов В. К., Митяков С. Н. Оценка кризисов в экономике с использованием краткосрочных индикаторов и средних индексов экономической безопасности России. Проблемы прогнозирования.2016;(2):44–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senchagov V. K., Mityakov S. N. Evaluation of economic crises using short-term indexes and average indexes of economic security of Russia. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2016;27(2):148–158. (In Russ.: Problemy prognozirovaniya. 2016;(2):44–58.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красавина Л. Н. Риски в сфере внешних заимствований и проблемы модернизации долговой политики России. Проблемы прогнозирования. 2010;(4):116–126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasavina L. N. The risks in the foreign loan sphere and problems of modernizing the debt policy of Russia. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2010;21(4):426–433. (In Russ.: Problemy prognozirovaniya. 2016;(4):116–126.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khotulev I., Styrin K. Optimal monetary and macroprudential policies for financial stability in a commodity-exporting economy. Central Bank Working Paper Series. 2019;(52). URL: https://www.cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/87579/wp-52_e.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khotulev I., Styrin K. Optimal monetary and macroprudential policies for financial stability in a commodity-exporting economy. Central Bank Working Paper Series. 2019;(52). URL: https://www.cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/87579/wp-52_e.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тиунова М. Сырьевые и финансовые циклы в ресурсных экономиках. Деньги кредит. 2019;(3):38–70. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201903.38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiunova M. Commodity and financial cycles in resource-based economies. Russian Journal of Money and Finance. 2019;78(3):38–70. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201903.38 (In Russ.: Den’gi i kredit. 2019;(3):38–70. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201903.38).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shousha S. Macroeconomic effects of commodity booms and busts: The role of financial frictions. 2016. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/content/about/eventsdocs/AITS/2016/SMETASXVIII-%20Samer%20Shousha.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shousha S. Macroeconomic effects of commodity booms and busts: The role of financial frictions. 2016. URL: https://www.bcb.gov.br/content/about/eventsdocs/AITS/2016/SMETASXVIII-%20Samer%20Shousha.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher P. Interactions of sovereign debt management with monetary conditions and financial stability: Lessons and implications for central banks. Bank for International Settlements. CGFS Papers. 2011;(42). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/cgfs42.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher P. Interactions of sovereign debt management with monetary conditions and financial stability: Lessons and implications for central banks. Bank for International Settlements. CGFS Papers. 2011;(42). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/cgfs42.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chui M., Kuruc E., Turner P. A new dimension to currency mismatches in the emerging markets: nonfinancial companies. BIS Working Papers. 2016;(550). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work550.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chui M., Kuruc E., Turner P. A new dimension to currency mismatches in the emerging markets: nonfinancial companies. BIS Working Papers. 2016;(550). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work550.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шоломицкая Е. В. Влияние ключевых макроэкономических шоков на инвестиции в России. Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2017;21(1):89–113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sholomitskaya E. Influence of key macroeconomic shocks on Russian investments. Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = The HSE Economic Journal. 2017;21(1):89–113. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galati G., Moessner R. Macroprudential policy — a literature review. BIS Working Papers. 2011;(337). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work337.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galati G., Moessner R. Macroprudential policy — a literature review. BIS Working Papers. 2011;(337). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work337.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миклашевская Н. А. Внешний долг: актуальные вопросы теории и практики. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6: Экономика. 2013;(1):19–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miklashevskaya N. A. External debt: Recent theoretical and practical issues. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 6: Ekonomika = Moscow University Economics Bulletin. 2013;(1):19–35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пороховский А. А., ред. Долговая проблема как феномен XXI века. М.: МАКС Пресс; 2014. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porokhovskii A. A., ed. The debt problem as a phenomenon of the 21st century. Moscow: MAKS Press; 2014. 288 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карминский А. М., Дьячкова Н. Ф. Исследование взаимосвязи кредитных циклов и изменения кредитных рейтингов. Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2020;(4):138–160. DOI: 10.31737/2221–2264–2020–48–4–6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karminsky A. M., Dyachkova N. F. Empirical study of the relationship between credit cycles and changes in credit ratings. Zhurnal Novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii = Journal of the New Economic Association. 2020;(4):138–160. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31737/2221–2264–2020–48–4–6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берзон Н. И., Мезенцев В. В. Применение структурных и редуцированных моделей для оценки кредитных дефолтных свопов на российские компании. XII Междунар. науч. конф. по проблемам развития экономики и общества. Кн. 1. М.: НИУ ВШЭ; 2012:633–642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berzon N. I., Mezentsev V. V. Application of structural and reduced models to evaluate credit default swaps for Russian companies. In: Proc. 12th Int. sci. conf. on problems of economic and social development. Bk. 1. Moscow: NRU HSE; 2012:633–642. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kealhofer S. Quantifying credit risk I: Default prediction. Financial Analysts Journal. 2003;59(1):30–44. DOI: 10.2469/faj.v59.n1.2501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kealhofer S. Quantifying credit risk I: Default prediction. Financial Analysts Journal. 2003;59(1):30–44. DOI: 10.2469/faj.v59.n1.2501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crosbie P., Bohn J. Modeling default risk. New York: Moody’s KMV Co.; 2005. 31 p. URL: https://www.moodysanalytics.com/-/media/whitepaper/before-2011/12–18–03-modeling-default-risk.pdf (accessed on 29.12.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crosbie P., Bohn J. Modeling default risk. New York: Moody’s KMV Co.; 2005. 31 p. URL: https://www.moodysanalytics.com/-/media/whitepaper/before-2011/12–18–03-modeling-default-risk.pdf (accessed on 29.12.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy A. An empirical analysis of the structure of credit risk premiums in the Eurobond market. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2003;22(6):865–885. DOI: 10.1016/S0261–5606(03)00050–0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy A. An empirical analysis of the structure of credit risk premiums in the Eurobond market. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2003;22(6):865–885. DOI: 10.1016/S0261–5606(03)00050–0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drehmann M., Juselius M. Do debt service costs affect macroeconomic and financial stability? BIS Quarterly Review. 2012;(Sep.):21–35. URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1209e.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drehmann M., Juselius M. Do debt service costs affect macroeconomic and financial stability? BIS Quarterly Review. 2012;(Sep.):21–35. URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1209e.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саввина О. В. Управление системными финансовыми рисками в условиях глобализации. Дис. … д-ра экон. наук. М.: РЭУ им. Плеханова; 2016. 398 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savvina O. V. Management of systemic financial risks in the context of globalization. Doct. econ. sci. diss. Moscow: Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; 2016. 398 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляков И. В. О факторах, определяющих спрэды суверенных еврооблигаций России. Экономическая политика. 2017;12(1):200–225. DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2017–1–08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyakov I. V. On the determinants of sovereign Eurobond spreads in Russia. Ekonomicheskaya politika = Economic Policy. 2017;12(1):200–225. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2017–1–08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
