<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-6-131-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОРПОРАТИВНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CORPORATE FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска банкротства российских компаний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bankruptcy Risk Factors of Russian Companies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-0242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Андреевич Жуков – студент программы магистратуры, Высшая школа менеджмента</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Zhukov – Master program student, Graduate School of Management</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.zhukov399@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Дмитриевич Никулин – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, Высшая школа менеджмента</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor D. Nikulin – Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of Management</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikulin@gsom.spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-1316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щучкин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchuchkin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Андреевич Щучкин – студент программы магистратуры</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil A. Shchuchkin – Master program student, Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">da.shchuchkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. профессора М. А. Бонч-Бруевича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жуков А.А., Никулин Е.Д., Щучкин Д.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жуков А.А., Никулин Е.Д., Щучкин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhukov A.A., Nikulin E.D., Shchuchkin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1870">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1870</self-uri><abstract><p>Банкротство российских компаний в текущей ситуации стало частым явлением. Определение факторов риска банкротства позволяет прогнозировать перспективу развития бизнеса. Авторы поставили задачу определить относительную силу влияния отдельных финансовых и нефинансовых факторов на вероятность банкротства компании. Для изучения факторов риска проведен анализ 3184 крупных российских компаний (с выручкой более 2 млрд руб. в год и численностью персонала более 250 человек) различных отраслей, функционировавших в период 2009–2020 гг. Общее количество наблюдений составляет 38 208. Для анализа были выбраны 30 показателей, разделенных на пять групп: показатели рентабельности, ликвидности, оборачиваемости, финансовой устойчивости и общие (нефинансовые) показатели. Для исследования выбран один из методов машинного обучения – метод случайного леса. Выборка исследования включает компании семи отраслей, среди которых: обрабатывающие производства, торговля, строительство, электроэнергетика, добыча полезных ископаемых, производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, водоснабжение, а также прочих отраслей, в которые отнесены компании образования, здравоохранения, сельского хозяйства, гостиницы. Анализ проводился как в совокупности по всей выборке без распределения по отраслям, так и по выборкам компаний, распределенным отдельно по сферам производства, торговли и услуг. По выборке в целом тестируемая модель в 86% случаев корректно предсказала возможность банкротства компаний за рассматриваемый промежуток времени. Данный результат подтвердил высокую эффективность использования методов машинного обучения (и, в частности, алгоритма случайного леса) применительно к решению задачи прогнозирования банкротства компаний. По полученным данным сделан вывод, что для производственных и торговых компаний наибольшее влияние на вероятность банкротства оказывают показатели рентабельности, а для компаний сферы услуг – финансовой устойчивости. Решение задачи определения факторов риска банкротства российских компаний должно привести к сокращению числа предприятий-банкротов, что, в свою очередь, будет способствовать оздоровлению и развитию национальной экономики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The bankruptcy of Russian companies in the existing environment has become rather common. Determination of bankruptcy risk factors allows predicting the prospects for business development. The authors set the task to determine the relative influence</p><p>of individual financial and non-financial factors on the probability of a company’s bankruptcy. To study risk factors, the authors analyzed 3184 large Russian companies (with revenues of more than 2 billion rubles per year and more than 250 employees) of various industries operating from 2009 to 2020. The total number of observations is 38,208. For analysis, 30 factors were selected and divided into five groups: profitability, liquidity, turnover, financial stability and general (non-financial) factors. For the study, one of the machine learning methods was used – the random forest method. The sample consists of companies from seven industries, including manufacturing, retail, construction, electric power, mining, agricultural production, and water supply, as well as other industries, which include companies in education, healthcare, agriculture, and hospitality. The analysis was carried out both in aggregate for the entire sample without being distributed by industry, and for samples distributed by manufacturing, retail, and service industries. In the sample as a whole, the tested model in 86% of cases correctly predicted the possibility of a company going bankrupt for the period under review. This result confirmed that machine learning methods (in particular, the random forest algorithm) are highly effective in solving the problem of bankruptcy prediction for a company. Based on the data obtained, the paper concludes that profitability factors have the most significant impact on the probability of bankruptcy for manufacturing and retail companies. For service companies, it is financial stability factors. Solving the problem of determining the bankruptcy risk factors of Russian companies will ensure a reduction in the number of bankrupt enterprises, which, in turn, will contribute to the recovery and development of the national economy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>корпоративные финансы</kwd><kwd>крупные компании</kwd><kwd>бизнес</kwd><kwd>финансовый анализ</kwd><kwd>финансовая устойчивость</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование банкротства</kwd><kwd>факторы риска банкротства</kwd><kwd>методы машинного обучения</kwd><kwd>случайный лес</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corporate finance</kwd><kwd>large companies</kwd><kwd>business</kwd><kwd>financial analysis</kwd><kwd>financial stability</kwd><kwd>bankruptcy prediction</kwd><kwd>bankruptcy risk factors</kwd><kwd>machine learning methods</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman E. I. Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance. 1968;23(4):589–609. DOI: 10.1111/J.1540–6261.1968.TB00843.X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman E. I. Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance. 1968;23(4):589–609. DOI: 10.1111/J.1540–6261.1968.TB00843.X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman E. I., Fargher N., Kalotay E. A simple empirical model of equity-implied probabilities of default. The Journal of Fixed Income. 2011;20(3):71–85. DOI: 10.3905/jfi.2011.20.3.071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman E. I., Fargher N., Kalotay E. A simple empirical model of equity-implied probabilities of default. The Journal of Fixed Income. 2011;20(3):71–85. DOI: 10.3905/jfi.2011.20.3.071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman E. I., Iwanicz-Drozdowska M., Laitinen E., Suvas A. Distressed firm and bankruptcy prediction in an international context: A review and empirical analysis of Altman’s Z-score model. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2014. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2536340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman E. I., Iwanicz-Drozdowska M., Laitinen E., Suvas A. Distressed firm and bankruptcy prediction in an international context: A review and empirical analysis of Altman’s Z-score model. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2014. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2536340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal V., Taffler R. J. Twenty-five years of the Taffler Z-score model: Does it really have predictive ability? Accounting and Business Research. 2007;37(4):285–300. DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2007.9663313</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal V., Taffler R. J. Twenty-five years of the Taffler Z-score model: Does it really have predictive ability? Accounting and Business Research. 2007;37(4):285–300. DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2007.9663313</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zmijewski M. Methodological issues related to the estimation of financial distress prediction models. Journal of Accounting Research. 1984;22:59–82. DOI: 10.2307/2490859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zmijewski M. Methodological issues related to the estimation of financial distress prediction models. Journal of Accounting Research. 1984;22:59–82. DOI: 10.2307/2490859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlson J. Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research. 1980;18(1):109–131. DOI: 10.2307/2490395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohlson J. Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research. 1980;18(1):109–131. DOI: 10.2307/2490395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карминский А. М., Бурехин Р. Н. Сравнительный анализ методов прогнозирования банкротств российских строительных компаний. Бизнес-информатика. 2019;13(3):52–66. DOI: 10.17323/1998–0663.2019.3.52.66</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karminsky A. M., Burekhin R. N. Comparative analysis of methods for forecasting bankruptcies of Russian construction companies. Business Informatics. 2019;13(3):52–66. DOI: 10.17323/1998–0663.2019.3.52.66 (In Russ.: Biznes-informatika. 2019;13(3):52–66. DOI: 10.17323/1998–0663.2019.3.52.66).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones S., Hensher D. A. Predicting firm financial distress: A mixed logit model. The Accounting Review. 2004;79(4):1011–1038. DOI: 10.2308/accr.2004.79.4.1011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones S., Hensher D. A. Predicting firm financial distress: A mixed logit model. The Accounting Review. 2004;79(4):1011–1038. DOI: 10.2308/accr.2004.79.4.1011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайдаршина Г. А. Совершенствование методов оценки риска банкротства российских предприятий в современных условиях. Имущественные отношения в Российской Федерации. 2009;(8):86–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haydarshina G. A. Improvement of methods for assessing risk of bankruptcy of Russian enterprises in modern conditions. Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiiskoi Federatsii = Property Relations in the Russian Federation. 2009;(8):86–95. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карминский А. М., Костров А. В., Мурзенков Т. Н. Моделирование вероятности дефолта российских бан- ков с использованием эконометрических методов. Препринт WP7/2012/04. М.: Изд. дом ВШЭ; 2012. 64 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karminsky A. M., Kostrov A. V., Murzenkov T. N. Modeling of the probability of default of Russian banks using econometric methods. Preprint WP7/2012/04. Moscow: NRU HSE; 2012. 64 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behr A., Weinblat J. Default patterns in seven EU countries: A random forest approach. International Journal of the Economics of Business. 2017;24(2):181–222. DOI: 10.1080/13571516.2016.1252532</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behr A., Weinblat J. Default patterns in seven EU countries: A random forest approach. International Journal of the Economics of Business. 2017;24(2):181–222. DOI: 10.1080/13571516.2016.1252532</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Wang Y. Machine learning methods of bankruptcy prediction using accounting ratios. Open Journal of Business and Management. 2018;6(1):1–20. DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2018.61001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y., Wang Y. Machine learning methods of bankruptcy prediction using accounting ratios. Open Journal of Business and Management. 2018;6(1):1–20. DOI: 10.4236/ojbm.2018.61001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshi S., Ramesh R., Tahsildar S. A bankruptcy prediction model using random forest. In: 2nd Int. conf. on intelligent computing and control systems (ICICCS). (Madurai, 14–15 June 2018). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8663128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joshi S., Ramesh R., Tahsildar S. A bankruptcy prediction model using random forest. In: 2nd Int. conf. on intelligent computing and control systems (ICICCS). (Madurai, 14–15 June 2018). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE; 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8663128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов Д. В., Смирнова Д. К. Применение метода случайных лесов для оценки резерва произошедших, но еще не заявленных убытков страховой компании. International Journal of Open Information Technologies. 2016;4(7):45–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov D. V., Smirnova D. K. Application of random forest method to estimate the incurred but not reported claims reserve of an insurance company. International Journal of Open Information Technologies. 2016;4(7):45–50. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Груздев А. В. Метод случайного леса в скоринге. Риск-менеджмент в кредитной организации. 2014;(1):28–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gruzdev A. V. Random forest method in scoring. Risk-menedzhment v kreditnoi organizatsii. 2014;(1):28–43. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казаков А. В., Колышкин А. В. Разработка моделей прогнозирования банкротства в современных российских условиях. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика. 2018;34(2):241–266. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu05.2018.203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakov A. V., Kolyshkin A. V. The development of bankruptcy prediction models in modern Russian economy. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ekonomika = St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies (SUJES). 2018;34(2):241–266. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu05.2018.203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колышкин А. В., Гиленко Е. В., Довженко С. Е., Жилкин С. А., Чое С. Е. Прогнозирование финансовой несостоятельности предприятий. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Экономика. 2014;(2):122–142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolyshkin A. V., Gilenko E. V., Dovzhenko S. E., Zhilkin S. A., Choe S. E. Forecasting the financial insolvency of enterprises. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ekonomika = St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies (SUJES). 2014;(2):122–142. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Е. А., Гиленко Е. В., Довженко С. Е. Модели прогнозирования банкротства: особенности российских предприятий. Проблемы прогнозирования. 2013;(2):85–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova E. A., Gilenko E. V., Dovzhenko S. E. Models for bankruptcy forecasting: Case study of Russian enterprises. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2013;24(2):159–164. (Russ. ed.: Problemy prognozirovaniya. 2013;(2):85–92.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Е. А., Мусиенко С. О., Федоров Ф. Ю. Прогнозирование банкротства субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в России. Финансы и кредит. 2018;24(11):2537–2552. DOI: 10.24891/fc.24.11.2537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova E. A., Musienko S. O., Fedorov F. Yu. Prediction of bankruptcy of small and medium-sized business entities in Russia. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2018;24(11):2537–2552. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24891/fc.24.11.2537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демешев Б. Б., Тихонова А. С. Прогнозирование банкротства российских компаний: межотраслевое сравнение. Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2014;18(3):359–386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demeshev B., Tikhonova A. Default prediction for Russian companies: Intersectoral comparison. Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = The HSE Economic Journal. 2014;18(3):359–386. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбатков С. А., Белолипцев И. И. Гибридный метод оценки риска банкротств на базе байесовского ансамбля нейросетей и logit-модели. Науковедение. 2013;(6). URL: http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/25EVN613.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbatkov S., Beloliptsev I. A hybrid method for estimating the risk of bankruptcies based on Bayesian neural network ensemble and the logit-model. Naukovedenie. 2013;(6). URL: http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/25EVN 613. pdf (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макеева Е. Ю., Аршавский И. В. Применение нейронных сетей и семантического анализа для прогнозирования банкротства. Корпоративные финансы. 2014;8(4):130–141. DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.8.4.2014.130–141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makeeva E. Yu., Arshavsky I. V. Integration of neural networks and semantic interpretation for bankruptcy prediction. Korporativnye finansy = Journal of Corporate Finance Research. 2014;8(4):130–141. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.8.4.2014.130–141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданова Т. К., Шевгунов Т. Я., Уварова О. М. Применение нейронных сетей для прогнозирования платежеспособности российских предприятий обрабатывающих отраслей. Бизнес-информатика. 2013;(2):40–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogdanova T., Shevgunov T., Uvarova O. Using neural networks for solvency prediction for Russian companies of manufacturing industries. Business Informatics. 2013;(2):40–48. (In Russ.: Biznes-informatika. 2013;(2):40–48.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ариничев И. В., Богдашев И. В. Оценка риска банкротства субъектов малого предпринимательства на основе методов машинного обучения. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика. 2017;25(2):242–254. DOI: 10.22363/2313–2329–2017–25–2–242–254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arinichev I. V., Bogdashev I. V. Estimation of bankruptcy risk of small business companies using methods of machine learning. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Ekonomika = RUDN Journal of Economics. 2017;25(2):242–254. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22363/2313–2329–2017–25–2–242–254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liaw A., Wiener M. Classification and regression by randomForest. R News. 2002;2(3):18–22. URL: https://cogns.northwestern.edu/cbmg/LiawAndWiener2002.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liaw A., Wiener M. Classification and regression by randomForest. R News. 2002;2(3):18–22. URL: https://cogns.northwestern.edu/cbmg/LiawAndWiener2002.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gepp A., Kumar K. Predicting financial distress: A comparison of survival analysis and decision tree techniques. Procedia Computer Science. 2015;54:396–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.06.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gepp A., Kumar K. Predicting financial distress: A comparison of survival analysis and decision tree techniques. Procedia Computer Science. 2015;54:396–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.06.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman E. I., Sabato G. Modelling credit risk from SMEs: Evidence from the US market. ABACUS: A Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies. 2007;43(3):332–357. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467–6281.2007.00234.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman E. I., Sabato G. Modelling credit risk from SMEs: Evidence from the US market. ABACUS: A Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business Studies. 2007;43(3):332–357. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467–6281.2007.00234.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданов В. Ю., Афанасьева О. А. Модель диагностики риска банкротства предприятий авиационно-промышленного комплекса. Корпоративные финансы. 2011;5(4):77–89. DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.5.4.2011.77–89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdanov V. Yu., Afanaseva O. A. Bankruptcy risk diagnostics model for aviation enterprises. Korporativnye finansy = Journal of Corporate Finance Research. 2011;5(4):77–89. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.5.4.2011.77–89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drezner Z., Marcoulides G., Stohs M. H. Financial applications of a Tabu search variable selection model. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences. 2001;5(4):215–234. DOI: 10.1155/S1173912601000165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drezner Z., Marcoulides G., Stohs M. H. Financial applications of a Tabu search variable selection model. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences. 2001;5(4):215–234. DOI: 10.1155/S1173912601000165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altman E. I., Sabato G., Wilson N. The value of non-financial information in SME risk management. Journal of Credit Risk. 2010;6(2):95–127. DOI: 10.21314/JCR.2010.110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altman E. I., Sabato G., Wilson N. The value of non-financial information in SME risk management. Journal of Credit Risk. 2010;6(2):95–127. DOI: 10.21314/JCR.2010.110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перерва О. Л., Степанов С. Е., Незимова С. С. Сравнение эконометрических моделей и методов бизнес-аналитики предсказания банкротства предприятий. Науковедение. 2017;9(6)1–9. URL: https://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/82EVN617.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pererva O. L., Stepanov S. E., Nezimova S. S. Comparison of econometric models and methods of business analytics for prediction of bankruptcy of enterprises. Naukovedenie. 2017;9(6):1–9. URL: https://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/82EVN617.pdf (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molina C. A. Are firms underleveraged? An examination of the effect of leverage on default probabilities. The Journal of Finance. 2005;60(3):1427–1459. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.2005.00766.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molina C. A. Are firms underleveraged? An examination of the effect of leverage on default probabilities. The Journal of Finance. 2005;60(3):1427–1459. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.2005.00766.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
