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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-1-6-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взлеты и падения деловой активности на волнах кризисов, пандемии коронавируса и беспрецедентных западных санкций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ups and Downs of Business Activity in the Waves of Crises, the Coronavirus Pandemic and Unprecedented Western Sanctions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Френкель</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frenkel</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Адольфович Френкель - доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Frenkel - Dr. Sci. (Econ), Prof., Chief Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ie_901@inecon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-7144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Иванович Тихомиров - кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Tikhomirov - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bit169@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-5853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Александрович Сурков - кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Surkov - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">surkoff@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Френкель А.А., Тихомиров Б.И., Сурков А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Френкель А.А., Тихомиров Б.И., Сурков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frenkel A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1983">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1983</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования - динамика интегрального Индекса деловой активности Института экономики Российской академии наук (Индекс ИЭ РАН) по десяти основным сферам национального хозяйства и Индекса выпуска товаров и услуг по базовым видам экономической деятельности Росстата (Индекс Росстата) с 2018 по июль 2022 г. включительно. Цель работы - обосновать преимущества методики построения Индекса ИЭ РАН по сравнению с Индексом Росстата. Теоретические исследования основаны на практических расчетах, выполненных на базе официальной статистической отчетности, и сравнительном анализе полученных результатов с динамикой Индекса Росстата. Период исследования: посткризисные 2018–2019 гг., пандемийные и постпандемийные 2020–2021 гг. и начальный этап мобилизационного для экономики периода — январь-июль 2022 г. Для расчета Индекса ИЭ РАН использован метод построения интегральных оценок макроэкономической динамики, корреляционного анализа, а также матрица коэффициентов парной корреляции для определения весовых коэффициентов показателей индекса, что является убедительным обоснованием научной новизны предложенной методологии построения и практического использования Индекса ИЭ РАН. На основе сравнительного анализа динамик индексов установлено, что максимальное падение Индекса ИЭ РАН и Индекса Росстата наблюдалось в 2020 г., а максимальный рост - в постпандемийном 2021 г. Причем по методике ИЭ РАН зафиксированы более масштабные параметры и более ранние сроки начала падения и роста деловой активности по сравнению Индексом Росстата. В результате получены новые доказательства преимуществ Индекса ИЭ РАН, главными из которых являются более надежное и точное определение критических моментов изменения тренда деловой активности и, соответственно, сроков наступления и преодоления кризисных процессов в социально-экономическом развитии. Авторы делают вывод, что в условиях новой геополитической реальности необходимо включить Индекс ИЭ РАН в состав целевых показателей, определяющих способность страны к обеспечению государственного суверенитета.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Subject of article - the dynamics of the integrated Business Activity Index of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 10 main areas of the national economy and the Index of output of goods and services by basic types of economic activity of Rosstat (Rosstat Index) from 2018 to July 2022 inclusive. Growth factors and a list of key macro indicators that determine the level of business activity in the relevant sectors of the economy, as well as the results of calculating the weights of these sectors, are considered.The aim of the article is to substantiate the advantages of the methodology for constructing the IE RAS Index, which includes development indicators of 10 areas of the national economy, in comparison with the Rosstat Index. Theoretical studies are based on practical calculations performed on the basis of official statistical reporting, and a comparative analysis of the results with the dynamics of the Rosstat Index. Research period: post-crisis 2018–2019, pandemic and post-pandemic 2020–2021 and initial stage of the mobilization period for the economy - January-July 2022. To calculate the IE RAS Index, the method of construction of integral estimates of macroeconomic dynamics, correlation analysis, as well as a matrix of coefficients of pair correlation for determination of index weights are used, which is a convincing justification of scientific novelty of the proposed methodology of construction and practical use of the IE RAS Index. Based on a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the indices, it was found that the maximum drop in the IE RAS Index and the Rosstat Index was observed in 2020, and the maximum growth was observed in the post-pandemic 2021. Moreover, according to the IE RAS methodology, larger parameters and earlier dates for the start of decline and growth of business activity in comparison with the Rosstat Index were recorded. As a result, new convincing evidence of the advantages of the IE RAS Index was obtained, the main of which is a more reliable and accurate determination of the critical moments of a change in the business activity trend and, accordingly, the timing of the onset and overcoming of crisis processes in socio-economic development. The authors conclude that, in the new geopolitical reality, it is necessary to include the IE RAS Index as a target indicator for the country’s ability to secure state sovereignty.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деловая активность</kwd><kwd>национальное хозяйство</kwd><kwd>мобилизационный период</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая динамика</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>инвестиции в основной капитал</kwd><kwd>Индекс ИЭ РАН</kwd><kwd>Индекс Росстата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>business activity</kwd><kwd>national economy</kwd><kwd>mobilization economy</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic dynamics</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>fixed capital investment</kwd><kwd>IE RAS Index</kwd><kwd>Rosstat Index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhodes E. C. The construction of an index of business activity. 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