<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-1-127-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-1993</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РЫНКИ И БАНКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MARKETS AND BANKS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регулирование деятельности и финансовой устойчивости банковских групп в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulation of Banking Groups and their Financial Stability in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6550-2472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Ларионова - доктор экономических наук, профессор, заместитель руководителя департамента банковского дела и монетарного регулирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Larionova - Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Deputy Head of the Department of Banking and Monetary Regulation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IVLarionova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бывшев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byvshev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Алексеевич Бывшев - доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор департамента математики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Byvshev - Dr. Sci. (Techn.), Prof., Department of Mathematics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VByvshev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-1943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Мешкова - кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент департамента банковского дела и монетарного регулирования</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Meshkova - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Banking and Monetary Regulation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EIMeshkova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ларионова И.В., Бывшев В.А., Мешкова Е.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ларионова И.В., Бывшев В.А., Мешкова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Larionova I.V., Byvshev V.A., Meshkova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1993">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/1993</self-uri><abstract><p>Усложнение деятельности, финансовой отчетности и агрегирование рисков банковских групп определяют актуальность исследований в области обеспечения их финансовой устойчивости. Цель работы - определение эффективности регулирования деятельности банковских групп в России и разработка предложений по его оптимизации. Научная новизна состоит в формулировке и доказательстве гипотезы зависимости финансовой устойчивости банковских групп от уровня контроля в группе, а также в разработке предложений по совершенствованию регулирования их деятельности и финансовой устойчивости. Методология исследования построена на использовании линейной модели на панельных данных (модели с фиксированными эффектами, модели со случайными эффектами и модели пула). Эмпирическая база исследования включает данные по 26 крупнейшим российским банковским группам и головным кредитным организациям банковских групп с 2010 по 2020 г. Выдвинута гипотеза о зависимости финансовой устойчивости банковских групп от эффективности организации контроля в рамках группы. Проведена оценка финансовой устойчивости банковских групп с применением показателя Zscore, при этом они были разделены на два пула в зависимости от уровня регуляторного контроля. В результате исследования данная гипотеза была подтверждена. Для банковских групп с высоким уровнем регуляторного контроля построена модель финансовой устойчивости и выявлены основные факторы, ее определяющие. Предложены следующие меры, направленные на совершенствование регулирования и формирования финансовой отчетности банковских групп: 1) расширить периметр регуляторной консолидации отчетности банковских групп до уровня бухгалтерской, что позволит создать основу полного учета рисков; 2) четко определить подходы к формализации оценки и управлению риском вынужденной финансовой поддержки компаний группы; 3) унифицировать раскрытие банковскими группами информации о рисках, методах их оценки и управления, включая взаимосвязь с бизнес-моделью деятельности. Принятие названных мер будет способствовать совершенствованию управления рисками кредитных организаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>More complex activities, financial reporting, and risk aggregation of banking groups increase the relevance of research on their financial stability. The purpose of our study is to analyze the effectiveness of banking groups’ regulation in the Russian Federation and to develop proposals for its optimization. The scientific novelty includes the identification and proof of the hypothesis of the dependence of the banking groups’ financial stability on the level of the group control, as well as measures to improve the regulation of activities and financial stability of banking groups in Russia. The research methodology is based on a linear model on panel data (fixed effects models, random effects models, and pool models). The empirical base of the study includes data on the 26 largest Russian banking groups and parent credit institutions of banking groups from 2010 to 2020. A hypothesis was put forward that the financial stability of the banking group depends on the effectiveness of the regulatory control within the group. To confirm the hypothesis, the authors assessed the financial stability of banking groups using the Zscore, while the banking groups were divided into two pools depending on the level of regulatory control. As a result, this hypothesis was confirmed. For banking groups with a high level of regulatory control, a model of financial stability and the factors that have the greatest impact on it were identified. The authors suggested the following measures to improve the regulation and financial reporting of the banking groups: 1) to expand the regulatory consolidation of the reporting of banking groups to the level of accounting, which will create the basis for a complete risk assessment; 2) to clearly define approaches to formalizing the assessment and management of the forced financial support risks for the group companies; 3) to unify the disclosure by banking groups of information about risks, methods for their assessment and management, including the relationship with the business model of activity. These measures are aimed at improving the risk management of credit institutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>банковские риски</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd><kwd>банковские группы</kwd><kwd>системно значимые банки</kwd><kwd>финансовая устойчивость</kwd><kwd>контроль</kwd><kwd>регуляторная консолидация</kwd><kwd>финансовая отчетность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>banking risks</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>banking groups</kwd><kwd>systemically important banks</kwd><kwd>financial stability</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>regulatory consolidation</kwd><kwd>financial reporting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финуниверситету на 2021 г. (ВТК-ГЗ-ПИ‑48–21). Финансовый университет, Москва, Россия.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article is based on the results of budgetary-supported research according to the state task carried out by the Financial University in 2021 (VTK-GZ-PI‑48–21). Financial University, Moscow, Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cetorelli N., Mandel B. H., Mollineaux L. The evolution of banks and financial intermediation: framing the analysis. FRBNY Economic Policy Review. 2012;(July). URL: https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/12v18n2/1207cet1.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cetorelli N., Mandel B. H., Mollineaux L. The evolution of banks and financial intermediation: framing the analysis. FRBNY Economic Policy Review. 2012;(July). URL: https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/12v18n2/1207cet1.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Correa R., Goldberg L. S. Bank complexity, governance and risk. International Finance Discussion Papers. 2020;(1287). URL: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/ifdp/files/ifdp1287.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Correa R., Goldberg L. S. Bank complexity, governance and risk. International Finance Discussion Papers. 2020;(1287). URL: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/ifdp/files/ifdp1287.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almenberg J., Andersson M., Buncic D., Cella C., Giordani P., Grodecka A., Roszbach K., Söderberg G. Appropriate capital ratios in major Swedish banks: New perspectives. Sveriges Riksbank Staff Memo. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksbank; 2017. 82 p. URL: https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/rapporter/staff-memo/engelska/2017/staff_memo_170519_eng.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almenberg J., Andersson M., Buncic D., Cella C., Giordani P., Grodecka A., Roszbach K., Söderberg G. Appropriate capital ratios in major Swedish banks: New perspectives. Sveriges Riksbank Staff Memo. Stockholm: Sveriges Riksbank; 2017. 82 p. URL: https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/rapporter/staff-memo/engelska/2017/staff_memo_170519_eng.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barth J. R., Miller S. M. Benefits and costs of a higher bank “leverage ratio”. Journal of Financial Stability. 2018;38:37–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2018.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barth J. R., Miller S. M. Benefits and costs of a higher bank “leverage ratio”. Journal of Financial Stability. 2018;38:37–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2018.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">VanHoose D. Theories of bank behavior under capital regulation. Journal of Banking and Finance. 2007;31(12):3680–3697. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.01.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">VanHoose D. Theories of bank behavior under capital regulation. Journal of Banking and Finance. 2007;31(12):3680–3697. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.01.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naceur S. B., Candelon B., Lajaunie Q. Taming financial development to reduce crises. Emerging Markets Review. 2019;40:100618. DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2019.05.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naceur S. B., Candelon B., Lajaunie Q. Taming financial development to reduce crises. Emerging Markets Review. 2019;40:100618. DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2019.05.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bace E., Ferreira A. Regulation’s influence on EU banking efficiency: An evaluation post crisis. Cogent Economics &amp; Finance. 2020;8(1):1838735. DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1838735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bace E., Ferreira A. Regulation’s influence on EU banking efficiency: An evaluation post crisis. Cogent Economics &amp; Finance. 2020;8(1):1838735. DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2020.1838735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rzayev R., Babayeva S. One approach to complex evaluation of financial stability of commercial banks. Procedia Computer Science. 2016;102:281–288. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rzayev R., Babayeva S. One approach to complex evaluation of financial stability of commercial banks. Procedia Computer Science. 2016;102:281–288. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glocker C. Reserve requirements and financial stability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money. 2021;71:101286. DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glocker C. Reserve requirements and financial stability. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money. 2021;71:101286. DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101286</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahamed M. M., Mallick S. K. Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2019;157:403–427. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2017.07.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahamed M. M., Mallick S. K. Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2019;157:403–427. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2017.07.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiordelisi F., Mare D. S. Competition and financial stability in European cooperative banks. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2014;45:1–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2014.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiordelisi F., Mare D. S. Competition and financial stability in European cooperative banks. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2014;45:1–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2014.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fratzscher M., König P. J., Lambert C. Credit provision and banking stability after the Great Financial Crisis: The role of bank regulation and the quality of governance. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2016;66:113–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2016.02.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fratzscher M., König P. J., Lambert C. Credit provision and banking stability after the Great Financial Crisis: The role of bank regulation and the quality of governance. Journal of International Money and Finance. 2016;66:113–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2016.02.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyd J. H., De Nicolò G., Jalal A. M. Bank risk-taking and competition revisited: New theory and new evidence. IMF Working Paper. 2006;(297). URL: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2006/wp06297.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyd J. H., De Nicolò G., Jalal A. M. Bank risk-taking and competition revisited: New theory and new evidence. IMF Working Paper. 2006;(297). URL: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2006/wp06297.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laeven L., Levine R. Bank governance, regulation and risk taking. Journal of Financial Economics. 2009;93(2):259–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.09.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laeven L., Levine R. Bank governance, regulation and risk taking. Journal of Financial Economics. 2009;93(2):259–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.09.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albaity M., Mallek R. S., Noman A. H.M. Competition and bank stability in the MENA region: The moderating effect of Islamic versus conventional banks. Emerging Markets Review. 2019;38:310–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2019.01.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albaity M., Mallek R. S., Noman A. H.M. Competition and bank stability in the MENA region: The moderating effect of Islamic versus conventional banks. Emerging Markets Review. 2019;38:310–325. DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2019.01.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaganis C., Lozano-Vivas A., Papadimitri P., Pasiouras F. Macroprudential policies, corporate governance and bank risk: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2020;169:126–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaganis C., Lozano-Vivas A., Papadimitri P., Pasiouras F. Macroprudential policies, corporate governance and bank risk: Cross-country evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization. 2020;169:126–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2019.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park H., Oh B. Common ownership and bank stability: Evidence from the U.S. banking industry. Journal of Financial Stability. 2022;58:100832. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100832</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park H., Oh B. Common ownership and bank stability: Evidence from the U.S. banking industry. Journal of Financial Stability. 2022;58:100832. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2020.100832</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Illiashenko P., Laidroo L. National culture and bank risk-taking: Contradictory case of individualism. Research in International Business and Finance. 2020;51:101069. DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Illiashenko P., Laidroo L. National culture and bank risk-taking: Contradictory case of individualism. Research in International Business and Finance. 2020;51:101069. DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang Y., Hasan I., Marton K. Institutional development and bank stability: Evidence from transition countries. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2014;39:160–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.11.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang Y., Hasan I., Marton K. Institutional development and bank stability: Evidence from transition countries. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2014;39:160–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.11.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Killins R. N., Johnk D. W., Egly P. V. The impact of financial regulation policy uncertainty on bank profits and risk. Studies in Economics and Finance. 2019;37(4):725–752. DOI: 10.1108/SEF-05–2019–0169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Killins R. N., Johnk D. W., Egly P. V. The impact of financial regulation policy uncertainty on bank profits and risk. Studies in Economics and Finance. 2019;37(4):725–752. DOI: 10.1108/SEF-05–2019–0169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cetorelli N. Goldberg L. S. Organizational complexity and balance sheet management in global banks. NBER Working Paper. 2016;(22169). URL: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22169/w22169.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cetorelli N. Goldberg L. S. Organizational complexity and balance sheet management in global banks. NBER Working Paper. 2016;(22169). URL: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22169/w22169.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause T., Sondershaus T., Tonzer L. Complexity and bank risk during thefinancial crisis. Economics Letters. 2017;150:118–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2016.11.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause T., Sondershaus T., Tonzer L. Complexity and bank risk during thefinancial crisis. Economics Letters. 2017;150:118–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2016.11.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laeven L., Levine L. Is there a diversification discount in financial conglomerates? Journal of Financial Economics. 2007;85(2):331–367. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.06.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laeven L., Levine L. Is there a diversification discount in financial conglomerates? Journal of Financial Economics. 2007;85(2):331–367. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.06.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Argimón I., Rodríguez-Moreno M. Risk and control in complex banking groups. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2022;134:106038. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.106038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Argimón I., Rodríguez-Moreno M. Risk and control in complex banking groups. Journal of Banking &amp; Finance. 2022;134:106038. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.106038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вербик М. Путеводитель по современной эконометрике. Пер. с англ. М.: Научная книга; 2008. 616 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbeek M. A guide to modern econometrics. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.; 2004. 429 p. (Russ. ed.: Verbeek M. Putevoditel’ po sovremennoi ekonometrike. Moscow: Nauchnaya kniga; 2008. 616 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Носко В. П. Эконометрика. Книга 2. М.: Дело; 2011. 576 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosko V. P. Econometrics. Book 2. Moscow: Delo; 2011. 576 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
