<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-2-17-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-2074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНВЕСТИЦИОННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INVESTMENT POlICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модификация трехфакторной модели Фамы-Френча и ее применение для оценки эффективности управления портфелями инвестиционных фондов России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modification of the Three-Factor Fama-French Model and its Application to Assess the Efficiency of the Portfolio Management of Russian Investment Funds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-0605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безсмертная</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezsmertnaya</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Рэмовна Безсмертная - кандидат экономических наук, доцент, декан факультета экономики и бизнеса</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina R. Bezsmertnaya - Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EBezsmertnaya@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-1213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колганова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolganova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Алексеевна Колганова - аспирантка департамента финансовых рынков и финансового инжиниринга</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Kolganova - Postgraduate student, Department of Financial Markets and Financial Engineering</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ea-kolganova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Безсмертная Е.Р., Колганова Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безсмертная Е.Р., Колганова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bezsmertnaya E.R., Kolganova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/2074">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/2074</self-uri><abstract><p>Предметом исследования является деятельность управляющих российскими паевыми инвестиционными фондами. Цель исследования - определение возможности использования в российской практике активно применяемых за рубежом методик оценки пикинг-способностей управляющих, адаптация к условиям российского рынка трехфакторной модели Фамы-Френча. В исследовании применены методы анализа и синтеза, количественная оценка, в том числе применительно к изучению оценки пикинг-способностей портфельных управляющих. Актуальность исследования состоит в выработке предложений по трансформации применяемого в российской практике подхода к оценке результативности деятельности управляющих фондов коллективного инвестирования и его последующего практического использования. В статье приведены результаты статистической оценки эффективности деятельности российских управляющих ОПИФ акций с позиции микропрогнозирования. Сделаны выводы о том, что традиционно используемые в зарубежной практике многофакторные регрессии Фамы-Френча и CAPM, апробированные на данных российского рынка, обладают достаточными предсказательными способностями и позволяют получить статистически значимые оценки факторов регрессии, вследствие чего могут быть рекомендованы для использования в процессе оценки результативности управления портфелями российских ПИФ. Новизна исследования заключается в разработке авторской модификации трехфакторной регрессии Фамы-Френча, при использовании которой можно получить более качественные оценки факторов регрессии в сравнении с базовой моделью, более точно объясняет процесс генерации избыточной доходности российских ОПИФ акций и может быть рекомендована к практическому использованию. Сделан вывод, что процессы управления портфелями российских ПИФ в 2009–2019 гг. характеризовались отсутствием у управляющих навыка к успешному пикингу, полученная фондами доходность в большей степени обеспечивалась факторами случайного характера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The subject of the paper is the activity of managers of Russian investment funds. The aim of the paper is to determine the possibility of using widely applied abroad methods of assessment of the managers’ diving abilities in the Russian practice, adaptation to the conditions of the Russian market of the three — factor Fama-French model. The methods of analysis and synthesis, quantitative assessment, including in relation to the study of the assessment of the portfolio managers picking abilities, are used as the main research methods. The relevance of the research is to make proposals on the transformation of the Russian approach to assess the performance of collective investment fund managers and its subsequent practical use. The article presents the results of a statistical assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of Russian managers of open-end investment funds shares from the perspective of micro-forecasting. According to the results of the research, conclusions are drawn that both the multifactorial Fama-French regression and CAPM, traditionally used in foreign practice, tested on the data of the Russian stock market, have sufficient predictive abilities and allow to obtain statistically significant estimations of variables and finally can be recommended for practical use in Russia. The novelty of the research consists in the development of the author’s modification of the three-factor Fama-French regression (a model with the SPX-factor), which allows to obtain better regression factors estimations in comparison with the basic model, more accurately explains the process of excess returns generation of Russian openend investment funds and can be recommended for practical use. The result of the statistical analysis is the conclusion that the processes of portfolio management of Russian investment funds in 2009–2019 were characterized by a lack of managers’ skill for successful picking, the profitability received by the funds was more ensured by random factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инвестиционные фонды</kwd><kwd>микропрогнозирование</kwd><kwd>пикинг</kwd><kwd>многофакторная регрессия</kwd><kwd>альфа Фамы-Френча</kwd><kwd>альфа Йенсена</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>investment funds</kwd><kwd>micro-forecasting</kwd><kwd>picking</kwd><kwd>multifactor regression</kwd><kwd>Fama-French alpha</kwd><kwd>Jensen alpha</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов А. Е., Радыгин М. И., Чернова М. И. Эффективность управления портфелями паевых инвестиционных фондов акций и ее оценка. Экономическая политика. 2019;14(4):8–47. DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2019–4–8–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramov A. E., Radygin M. I., Chernova M. I. Efficiency in portfolio management of equity funds and its evaluation. Ekonomicheskaya politika = Economic Policy. 2019;14(4):8–47. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2019–4–8–47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferson W. E., Schadt R. W. Measuring fund strategy and performance in changing economic conditions. The Journal of Finance. 1996;51(2):425–461. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1996.tb02690.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferson W. E., Schadt R. W. Measuring fund strategy and performance in changing economic conditions. The Journal of Finance. 1996;51(2):425–461. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1996.tb02690.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьев Д. М. Обыгрывают ли российские паевые фонды рынок? М.: Российская экономическая школа; 2006. 29 с. (Препринт # BSP/2006/085 R). URL: https://www.nes.ru/files/old-nes/programs/econ/preprints/2006/Muravyev_rus.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murav’ev D. M. Are Russian mutual funds outperforming the market? Moscow: Russian School of Economics; 2006. 29 p. (Preprint # BSP / 2006/085 R). URL: https://www.nes.ru/files/old-nes/programs/econ/preprints/2006/Muravyev_rus.pdf (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назарова В. В., Храброва В. Е. Анализ деятельности паевого фонда с помощью комплексного показателя эффективности фонда. Финансы и кредит. 2014;(11):44–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarova V. V., Khrabrova V. E. Analysis of activity of share fund by means of complex indicator of fund efficiency. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2014;(11):44–52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олькова А. Е. Методы оценки эффективности портфелей паевых инвестиционных фондов: сравнительный анализ. Финансовый журнал. 2017;(3):85–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olkova A. E. Mutual funds performance assessment techniques: Comparative analysis. Finansovyj zhurnal = Financial Journal. 2017;(3):85–95. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукин М. В., Протас Н. Г. Оценка эффективности управляющих паевыми инвестиционными фондами. Экономика: вчера, сегодня, завтра. 2020;10(11–1):169–175. DOI: 10.34670/AR.2020.21.64.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukin M. V., Protas N. G. Evaluating the effectiveness of unit managers and investment funds. Ekonomika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra = Economics: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. 2020;10(11–1):169–175. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.34670/AR.2020.21.64.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harvey C. R., Liu Y. Luck versus skill in the cross section of mutual fund returns: Reexamining the evidence. The Journal of Finance. 2022;77(3):1921–1966. DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harvey C. R., Liu Y. Luck versus skill in the cross section of mutual fund returns: Reexamining the evidence. The Journal of Finance. 2022;77(3):1921–1966. DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13123</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Livingston M., Yao P., Zhou L. The volatility of mutual fund performance. Journal of Economics and Business. 2019;(104):105835. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2019.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livingston M., Yao P., Zhou L. The volatility of mutual fund performance. Journal of Economics and Business. 2019;(104):105835. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2019.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берзон Н. И., Дорошин Д. И. Особенности применения показателей эффективности финансовых инвестиций. Финансы и кредит. 2012;(14):21–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berzon N. I., Doroshin D. I. Features of the application of financial investment efficiency indicators. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2012;(14):21–33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fama E. F. Components of investment performance. The Journal of Finance. 1972;27(3):551–567. DOI: 10.2307/2978261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fama E. F. Components of investment performance. The Journal of Finance. 1972;27(3):551–567. DOI: 10.2307/2978261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treynor J. L., Black F. How to use security analysis to improve portfolio selection. The Journal of Business. 1973;46(1):66–86. DOI: 10.1086/295508</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treynor J. L., Black F. How to use security analysis to improve portfolio selection. The Journal of Business. 1973;46(1):66–86. DOI: 10.1086/295508</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kon S. J., Jen F. C. Estimation of time-varying systematic risk and performance for mutual fund portfolios: An application of switching regression. The Journal of Finance. 1978;33(2):457–475. DOI: 10.2307/2326563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kon S. J., Jen F. C. Estimation of time-varying systematic risk and performance for mutual fund portfolios: An application of switching regression. The Journal of Finance. 1978;33(2):457–475. DOI: 10.2307/2326563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen M. C. Risk, the pricing of capital assets, and the evaluation of investment portfolios. The Journal of Business. 1969;42(2):167–247. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1969.tb01710.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen M. C. Risk, the pricing of capital assets, and the evaluation of investment portfolios. The Journal of Business. 1969;42(2):167–247. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1969.tb01710.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fama E. F., French K. R. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics. 1993;33(1):3–56. DOI: 10.1016/0304–405X(93)90023–5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fama E. F., French K. R. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics. 1993;33(1):3–56. DOI: 10.1016/0304–405X(93)90023–5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis J. L., Fama E. F., French K. R. Characteristics, covariances, and average returns: 1929 to 1997. The Journal of Finance. 2000;55(1):389–406. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.00209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis J. L., Fama E. F., French K. R. Characteristics, covariances, and average returns: 1929 to 1997. The Journal of Finance. 2000;55(1):389–406. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.00209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Do V., Faff R., Wickramanayake J. An empirical analysis of hedge fund performance: The case of Australian hedge funds industry. Journal of Multinational Financial Management. 2005;15(4–5):377–393. DOI: 10.1016/j.mulfin.2005.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Do V., Faff R., Wickramanayake J. An empirical analysis of hedge fund performance: The case of Australian hedge funds industry. Journal of Multinational Financial Management. 2005;15(4–5):377–393. DOI: 10.1016/j.mulfin.2005.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bu Q. Behind the scenes of mutual fund alpha. Journal of Accounting and Finance. 2016;16(1):90–103. URL: http://www.na-businesspress.com/JAF/BuQ_Web16_1_.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bu Q. Behind the scenes of mutual fund alpha. Journal of Accounting and Finance. 2016;16(1):90–103. URL: http://www.na-businesspress.com/JAF/BuQ_Web16_1_.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carhart M. M. On persistence in mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance. 1997;52(1):57–82. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1997.tb03808.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carhart M. M. On persistence in mutual fund performance. The Journal of Finance. 1997;52(1):57–82. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1997.tb03808.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atilgan Y., Demirtas K. O., Gunaydin D. Predicting equity returns in emerging markets. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2021;57(13):3721–3738. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2020.1822808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atilgan Y., Demirtas K. O., Gunaydin D. Predicting equity returns in emerging markets. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2021;57(13):3721–3738. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2020.1822808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rouwenhorst K. G. International momentum strategies. The Journal of Finance. 1998;53(1):267–284. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.95722</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rouwenhorst K. G. International momentum strategies. The Journal of Finance. 1998;53(1):267–284. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.95722</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галанова А. В., Дукова В. В. Факторы, определяющие избыточную доходность портфеля ценных бумаг паевых инвестиционных фондов. Корпоративные финансы. 2018;12(4):43–60. DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.12.4.2018.43–60</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galanova A. V., Dukova V. V. Determinants of mutual funds performance. Korporativnye finansy = Journal of Corporate Finance Research. 2018;12(4):43–60. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17323/j.jcfr.2073–0438.12.4.2018.43–60</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikova E., Teplova T., Munir Q. Puzzling premiums on FX markets: Carry trade, momentum, and value alone and strategy diversification. Emerging Markets, Finance &amp; Trade. 2020;56(1):126–148. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2018.1562897</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikova E., Teplova T., Munir Q. Puzzling premiums on FX markets: Carry trade, momentum, and value alone and strategy diversification. Emerging Markets, Finance &amp; Trade. 2020;56(1):126–148. DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2018.1562897</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fama E. F., French K. R. A five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics. 2015;116(1):1–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fama E. F., French K. R. A five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics. 2015;116(1):1–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cremers K. J.M., Fulkerson J. A., Riley T. B. Active share and the predictability of the performance of separate accounts. Financial Analysts Journal. 2022;78(1):39–57. DOI: 10.1080/0015198X.2021.1984826</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cremers K. J.M., Fulkerson J. A., Riley T. B. Active share and the predictability of the performance of separate accounts. Financial Analysts Journal. 2022;78(1):39–57. DOI: 10.1080/0015198X.2021.1984826</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harvey C. R., Liu Y. False (and missed) discoveries in financial economics. The Journal of Finance. 2020;75(5):2503–2553. DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12951</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harvey C. R., Liu Y. False (and missed) discoveries in financial economics. The Journal of Finance. 2020;75(5):2503–2553. DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12951</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паршаков П. А. Оценка эффективности деятельности по управлению активами российских паевых ин- вестиционных фондов. Дис. … канд. экон. наук. М.: НИУ ВШЭ; 2014. 184 с. URL: https://www.hse.ru/data/xf/2014/03/27/1318664430/das%20parchakov%2026%20marta.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parshakov P. A. Assessment of the effectiveness of asset management of Russian mutual investment funds. Cand. econ. sci. diss. Moscow: NRU HSE; 2014. 184 p. URL: https://www.hse.ru/data/xf/2014/03/27/1318664430/das%20parchakov%2026%20marta.pdf (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jin D., Kacperczyk M., Kahraman B., Suntheim F. Swing pricing and fragility in open-end mutual funds. The Review of Financial Studies. 2022;35(1):1–50. DOI: 10.1093/rfs/hhab022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jin D., Kacperczyk M., Kahraman B., Suntheim F. Swing pricing and fragility in open-end mutual funds. The Review of Financial Studies. 2022;35(1):1–50. DOI: 10.1093/rfs/hhab022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
