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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-5-140-149</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-2402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЛОГОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TAX POlICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Старая песня на новый лад: о прогрессии в налоге на доходы физических лиц</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An Old song in a New Way: About the Progression  in the Personal Income Tax</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-7747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юмаев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yumaev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Мияссярович Юмаев —  доктор экономических наук, доцент департамента налогов и налогового администрирования, факультет налогов, аудита и бизнес-анализа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Yumaev —  Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Department of taxes and tax administration, Faculty of taxes, audit and business analysis</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmyumaev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юмаев М.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юмаев М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yumaev M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/2402">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/2402</self-uri><abstract><p>Вопросы выбора между пропорциональным и прогрессивным налогообложением доходов населения и оценки принципа справедливого налогообложения применительно к этим методам сопровождают многовековую историю мировой налоговой политики, что составляет актуальность темы исследования, являясь предметом дискуссий российских и зарубежных ученых. Цель исследования заключается в развитии идеи налогообложения доходов населения в России с учетом соблюдения принципа справедливого налогообложения. Теоретические задачи исследования включают анализ обоснованности выбора метода налогообложения, а также анализ метода прогрессивного налогообложения, позволяющего достичь справедливого перераспределения доходов как прогрессией ставок, так и адекватной системой налоговых вычетов. Практические задачи исследования состоят в изучении влияния методов налогообложения доходов на формирование доходов бюджета и населения, в оценке «теневого» фискального потенциала, определении уровня востребованности и значимости налоговых вычетов. В результате исследования доказано, что пропорциональное налогообложение и слабая прогрессия дискредитируют принцип вертикальной справедливости, приводят к скрытой прогрессии, не имеют очевидного позитивного влияния на отток капитала и, в совокупности со страховыми взносами, на величину потенциальной налоговой базы. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в разработке конкретных предложений по методологическому развитию НДФЛ через дифференцированные налоговые вычеты, налоговые механизмы укрепления института семьи и брака, расширение налоговой базы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The issues of choosing between proportional and progressive taxation of personal income and assessment of the principle of fair taxation in relation to these methods accompany the centuries-old history of world tax policy, which is the relevance of the research, being the subject of discussions of Russian and foreign scientists. The purpose of the study is to develop the idea of taxation of income of the population in Russia, taking into account the principle of fair taxation. The theoretical objectives of the study include an analysis of the validity of the method of taxation chosen, as well as an analysis of the progressive method of taxation, which allows for a fair redistribution of income through the progression of rates and an adequate system of tax deductions. The practical objectives of the study are to study the influence of income taxation methods on the formation of budget revenues and incomes of the population, to assess the “shadow” fiscal potential of income, to determine the level of demand and significance of tax deductions. As a result of the research, it has been scientifically proven that proportional taxation and weak progression discredit the principle of vertical equity, lead to a hidden progression in the withdrawal of income, have no obvious positive effect on capital outflow and, in combination with insurance premiums, affect the size of the potential tax base. The practical significance of the study is to develop concrete proposals for the methodological development of personal income tax through differentiated tax deductions, tax mechanisms for strengthening the institution of family and marriage, and the expansion of the tax base.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>налог на доходы физических лиц</kwd><kwd>НДФЛ</kwd><kwd>социальные вычеты</kwd><kwd>стандартные вычеты</kwd><kwd>прогрессивное налогообложение</kwd><kwd>принцип справедливости</kwd><kwd>сокрытие доходов</kwd><kwd>вывод капитала</kwd><kwd>налоговый контроль</kwd><kwd>страховые взносы</kwd><kwd>семейное налогообложение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PIT</kwd><kwd>personal income tax</kwd><kwd>social deductions</kwd><kwd>standard deductions</kwd><kwd>progressive taxation</kwd><kwd>the principle of equity</kwd><kwd>concealment of income</kwd><kwd>withdrawal of capital</kwd><kwd>tax control</kwd><kwd>insurance payments</kwd><kwd>family taxation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith A. 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