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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-5-239-248</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-3193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВАЯ ГРАМОТНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAl lITERACY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние уровня финансовой грамотности на выбор финансовых инструментов частными инвесторами в российских условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Impact of Financial Literacy on the Choice of Financial Instruments by Private Investors in Russian Conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-2458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>R. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Михайлович Мельников, доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>Институт государственной службы и управления; кафедра государственного регулирования экономики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman M. Melnikov, Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof.</p><p>Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service; Department of state regulation of the economy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rmmel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мельников Р.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельников Р.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikov R.М.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3193">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3193</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье с использованием данных пятой волны Всероссийского обследования домохозяйств по потребительским финансам, проведенной в 2022 г. по заказу Банка России, исследуется влияние финансовой грамотности, склонности к риску и ожиданий на выбор финансовых инструментов частными инвесторами. Подобный анализ с использованием российских данных проводится впервые.</p><p>   Цель данного исследования — определить роль финансовой грамотности в принятии индивидуальных инвестиционных решений.</p><p>   Результаты оценки логит- и тобит-регрессий показали, что инвестиции российских граждан в инструменты фондового рынка ограничивает главным образом высокая степень неприятия финансовых рисков, а не недостаточный уровень финансовой грамотности, а ожидания не влияют на выбор финансовых инструментов. В условиях отсутствия глубоких финансовых компетенций отказ физических лиц, характеризующихся низкой толерантностью к возможным убыткам, от инвестиций в инструменты фондового рынка и предпочтение банковских депозитов является вполне рациональным и обоснованным решением. Вместе с тем это создает неблагоприятные условия для реализации разработанной Минфином России программы долгосрочных сбережений и привлечения долгосрочных инвестиционных ресурсов российскими компаниями реального сектора экономики в условиях закрытия доступа к глобальным финансовым рынкам. В то же время активное приобретение криптовалют лицами с высокой самооценкой собственных финансовых компетенций, но невысокими доходами и рейтингом финансовой грамотности, рассчитанным на основе ответов на тестовые задания, порождает повышенные риски недостижения финансовых целей. Поэтому в рамках реализации продвигаемых МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова и Банком России инициатив по повышению уровня финансовой грамотности и финансовой культуры российских граждан необходимо обращать особое внимание на риски операций с криптовалютами. Для развития информационной базы дальнейших исследований предлагается включить в последующие волны обследования вопросы, позволяющие оценивать продвинутые финансовые компетенции и формировать значения переменных, способных выступать инструментами для уровня финансовой грамотности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The paper examines the impact of financial literacy, risk tolerance and expectations on the choice of financial instruments by private investors using data from the 5th wave of the All-Russian household survey on consumer finance, conducted in 2022 at the request of the Bank of Russia. This is the first time such an analysis using Russian data has been carried out.</p><p>   The purpose of this study is to determine the role of financial literacy in making individual investment decisions.</p><p>   The results of logit- and tobit-regression estimation show that the investments of Russian citizens in stocks, bonds and mutual funds are mainly limited by a high degree of financial risk aversion, and not by an insufficient level of financial literacy. Expectations do not affect the choice of financial instruments. The refusal of individuals with low tolerance for possible losses to invest in securities market instruments and the preference for bank deposits is a reasonable and rational decision in case of the absence of deep financial competencies. At the same time, this creates unfavorable conditions for the implementation of the long-term savings program developed by the Ministry of Finance of Russia and attracting long-term investment resources by Russian companies in the real sector of the economy in the context of closed access to global financial markets. The active acquisition of cryptocurrencies by respondents with high self-esteem of their own financial competencies, but low incomes and low financial literacy ratings, calculated on the basis of answers to test tasks, generates increased risks of not achieving financial goals. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the risks of transactions with cryptocurrencies as a part of the implementation of initiatives promoted by the Moscow State University and the Bank of Russia to improve the level of financial literacy and financial culture of Russian citizens. It is proposed to include questions that allow assessing advanced financial competencies and forming the values of variables that can act as instruments for the level of financial literacy in subsequent waves of the survey to develop the information base for further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сбережения населения</kwd><kwd>частные инвесторы</kwd><kwd>финансовое поведение</kwd><kwd>фондовый рынок</kwd><kwd>банковские депозиты</kwd><kwd>криптовалюты</kwd><kwd>финансовая грамотность</kwd><kwd>толерантность к риску</kwd><kwd>Всероссийское обследование домохозяйств по потребительским финансам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>household savings</kwd><kwd>private investors</kwd><kwd>financial behavior</kwd><kwd>stock market</kwd><kwd>bank deposits</kwd><kwd>cryptocurrencies</kwd><kwd>financial literacy</kwd><kwd>risk tolerance</kwd><kwd>All-Russian household survey on consumer finance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharpe W. 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