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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-4-1902-01</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-3255</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMETRIC MODELLING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ стабильности модели прогнозирования объемов взаимной торговли России с партнерами БРИКС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the Stability of the Model for Forecasting Mutual Volumes Russia’s Trade with BRICS Partners</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-3894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабешко</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babeshko</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Олеговна Бабешко — доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры моделирования и системного анализа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila O. Babeshko — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Department of Modeling and System Analysis</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LBabeshko@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бывшев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byvshev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Алексеевич Бывшев — доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры моделирования и системного анализа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor A. Byvshev — Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Prof., Department of Modeling and System Analysis</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbyvshev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабешко Л.О., Бывшев В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабешко Л.О., Бывшев В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babeshko L.O., Byvshev V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3255">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3255</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена построению моделей прогнозирования объемов торговли России со странами БРИКС в условиях санкций. Торговля между странами БРИКС является экономическим фундаментом их всестороннего взаимодействия и процветания, поэтому проблема качественного прогнозирования объемов этой торговли в условиях беспрецедентных западных санкций против России представляется актуальной задачей эконометрического моделирования. Цель исследования — повышение точности прогнозов товарооборота России с партнерами БРИКС за счет обеспечения стабильности модели прогнозирования в условиях санкционного давления со стороны западных стран и пандемии. В качестве эконометрического инструмента выбрана система одновременных уравнений, описывающих внешнеторговый оборот каждой страны (отличной от России) при помощи годовых уровней макроэкономических факторов: ВВП стран БРИКС, цен на нефть марки Brend, обменного курса американского доллара и индикатора наличия пандемии на временном промежутке 2000–2022 гг. Чтобы принять во внимание структурные изменения в быстрорастущих экономиках таких стран, как Индия и Китай, для описания их поведенческих уравнений в системе одновременных уравнений применялись двухфазные модели (модели с переключением). В качестве теста на значимость структурных изменений, в силу малого объема выборки после структурных изменений, использовался предсказательный тест Чоу (Chow forecast test). Учет значимых структурных изменений (в постпандемийном периоде) в рамках моделей с переключениями позволил повысить точность прогноза объемов товарооборота РФ в 2,5 раза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is devoted to the construction of models for forecasting the volume of trade between Russia and the BRICS countries under sanctions. Trade between the BRICS countries is the economic foundation of their comprehensive interaction and prosperity, therefore the problem of high-quality forecasting of the volume of this trade under unprecedented Western sanctions against Russia seems to be a relevant task of econometric modeling. The aim of the study is to improve the accuracy of forecasts of Russia’s trade turnover with BRICS partners by ensuring the stability of the forecasting model in the context of sanctions pressure from Western countries and the pandemic. The econometric tool chosen is a system of simultaneous equations describing the foreign trade turnover of each country (other than Russia) using annual levels of macroeconomic factors: the GDP of the BRICS countries, Brent oil prices, the US dollar exchange rate and the pandemic indicator over the time period 2000–2022. In order to take into account structural changes in fast-growing economies such as India and China, two-phase models (switching models) were used to describe their behavioral equations in a system of simultaneous equations. As a test for the significance of structural changes, due to the small sample size after structural changes, the Chow forecast test was used. Taking into account significant structural changes (in the post-pandemic period) within the framework of switching models allowed us to increase the accuracy of the forecast of the volume of trade turnover of the Russian Federation by 2.5 times.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внешнеторговый оборот</kwd><kwd>система одновременных уравнений</kwd><kwd>авторегрессионная модель с распределенными лагами</kwd><kwd>диагностика модели</kwd><kwd>структурные сдвиги</kwd><kwd>предсказательный тест Чоу</kwd><kwd>двухфазная модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>foreign trade turnover</kwd><kwd>system of simultaneous equations</kwd><kwd>autoregressive model with distributed lags</kwd><kwd>model diagnostics</kwd><kwd>structural breaks</kwd><kwd>Chow predictive test</kwd><kwd>two-phase model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бывшев В. 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