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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-6-122-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-3315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ФИНАНСОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITALIZATION OF FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Не только биткоин: таксономия криптовалют в исторической перспективе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Beyond Bitcoin: A Taxonomy of Cryptocurrencies in a Historical Perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-3946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Дмитриевич Шилов - научный сотрудник, Лаборатория исследования цифровых финансов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill D. Shilov - Researcher, Department for Digital Finance</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shilov@iep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-5271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Витальевич Зубарев - кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория исследования цифровых финансов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Zubarev - Can. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher, Department for Digital Finance</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">texxik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономической политики имени Е. Т. Гайдара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шилов К.Д., Зубарев А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шилов К.Д., Зубарев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shilov K.D., Zubarev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3315">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3315</self-uri><abstract><p>Сфера криптовалют существует и динамично развивается в течение уже более 14 лет. С каждым годом появляются все новые криптовалюты, а общее их число уже превышает 8,5 тысяч. Тем не менее какой-либо исчерпывающей категоризации, которая смогла бы по возможности пóлно описать ландшафт рынка криптовалют, на сегодняшний день не существует, что и обуславливает актуальность настоящего исследования. Целью работы является построение иерархичной категоризации (таксономии) криптовалют на основе их ключевых характеристик и функций. Основным методом исследования является ретроспективный анализ развития сферы криптовалют от момента создания биткоина и до сегодняшних дней. С помощью него было продемонстрировано, как менялся ландшафт рынка криптовалют во времени и как появление новых проектов, отличных по своим свойствам от существующих на тот момент, формировало новые категории и ниши в пространстве криптовалют. Более того, появление некоторых видов криптовалют могло приводить к изменению существующей классификации. Результатом исследования является таксономия взаимозаменяемых криптовалют/токенов. Предлагаемая таксономия сопровождается подробным рассмотрением сквозь ее призму криптовалют, относящихся к той или иной категории, а также крупнейших по размеру капитализации. Сделан вывод о формировании в сфере криптовалют некоторой альтернативной децентрализованной финансовой системы с большим количеством финансовых инструментов, по своим характеристикам схожих с инструментами из сферы традиционных финансов. Научная новизна исследования заключается в отсутствии аналогичных работ, ретроспективно рассматривающих вопрос категоризации криптовалют.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The field of cryptocurrencies is in existence and dynamically evolving for over 14 years. Each year introduces new cryptocurrencies, with their total number exceeding 8,500. However, to date, there is no exhaustive categorization of cryptocurrencies that could possibly fully describe the landscape of the cryptocurrency market, which underscores the relevance of this research. The objective of this study is to construct a hierarchical categorization (taxonomy) of cryptocurrencies based on their main characteristics and functions. The principal research method is a retrospective analysis of the development of the cryptocurrency field from the creation of Bitcoin to the present day. As the industry evolved, new projects emerged, which significantly differed in their properties from what existed before, thus forming entirely new categories and niches in the cryptocurrency space. Moreover, the emergence of certain types of cryptocurrencies could lead to changes in the existing classification. The outcome of this research is a taxonomy of interchangeable cryptocurrencies/tokens. The proposed taxonomy is accompanied by a detailed examination of the cryptocurrencies associated with each category, as well as a consideration of the largest cryptocurrencies in terms of capitalization through its prism. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the absence of similar studies that look at the issue of categorizing cryptocurrencies through a historical lens.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криптовалюты</kwd><kwd>биткоин</kwd><kwd>блокчейн</kwd><kwd>смарт-контракты</kwd><kwd>ethereum</kwd><kwd>децентрализованные финансы (DeFi)</kwd><kwd>таксономия</kwd><kwd>категоризация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryptocurrencies</kwd><kwd>bitcoin</kwd><kwd>blockchain</kwd><kwd>smart contracts</kwd><kwd>ethereum</kwd><kwd>decentralized finance (DeFi)</kwd><kwd>taxonomy</kwd><kwd>categorization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeVon Ch. Billionaire Charlie Munger: Cryptocurrency is ‘crazy, stupid gambling’ and ‘people who oppose my position are idiots’. CNBC. Feb. 16, 2023. 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