The subject of the study is the dynamics of world economic relations in the context of a conflict between national industrial policies and the interests of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The purpose of the paper is to establish whether the country’s industrial policy determines the international activities of national corporations, or, on the contrary, this policy only reflects the actual competitiveness of such companies. The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical concepts of economic globalization. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the theory and practice of world economic relations were used. As a result of a study of the consequences of economic globalization for developed and developing countries in the context of national industrial policies, it was established that the interests of MNEs originated from matured economies in maximizing profits and, on this basis, sustainable growth of their value in many cases diverges from the preferences of their countries of origin’s authorities in the field of world economic relations. It is concluded that the specified motivation of MNEs will most likely prevail over the desire of the authorities to limit the geography of their presence.