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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-2-181-193</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-3609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДРАЙВЕРЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инвестиции в экономический рост и структурную трансформацию России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investments in Economic Growth and Structural Transformation of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Сергеевич Сухарев — доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Sukharev — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Chief Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_sukharev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics, Russian&#13;
Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>193</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухарев О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukharev O.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3609">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3609</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются инвестиции в основной капитал российской экономики и их влияние на экономический рост и структурную трансформацию, под которой понимается изменение пропорций между базовыми секторами - обработкой, сырьевым и трансакционным. В ортодоксальных экономических теориях валовому накоплению основного капитала отводится центральное место в обеспечении экономического роста на долгосрочную перспективу, хотя на практике присутствует множество условий, ослабляющих такое влияние. Цель исследования - выделить режимы инвестиционного процесса в координатах «инвестиции - риск», определив влияние на темп роста, и оценить распределение инвестиций по экономическим секторам, формирующее экономическую структуру. Это позволит конкретизировать задачи развития российской экономики, обозначив направления структурной политики и меры по стимулированию экономического роста, выходящие за рамки стереотипного ортодоксального подхода, сводящего рекомендации к наращению нормы накопления и инвестициям. Методологию исследования составляет теория экономического роста и структурной динамики, эмпирический и регрессионный анализы данных, представления об инвестиционном процессе и мерах по его стимулированию, метод оценки риска по среднеквадратическому отклонению валовой прибыли. Результат сводится к тому, что в статье теоретически выделено несколько режимов инвестиционной динамики с определением двух базовых типов инвестиций (по динамике инвестиций и риска) - «рисковых» и «хеджевых». Оценена сложившаяся структура роста в России как основанная на рисковых инвестициях, фиксирующих соотношение между основными секторами и их вклад в общий темп роста ВВП. Эмпирический анализ экономического роста в России в период 2000-2023 гг. подтверждает, что динамика инвестиций определяла темп роста. В свою очередь она зависела от изменения риска, генерируемого институциональными условиями развития. Рисковый тип инвестирования ограничивал рост экономики. Структурно инвестиции направлялись преимущественно в основной капитал, в трансакционные виды деятельности, затем в сырьевые сектора и только потом - в обработку. Это обстоятельство актуализирует задачу структурных изменений, которые должны сводиться к смене режима инвестирования и институциональных условий, поощряющих обновление капитала в обрабатывающих секторах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>structural transformation, which is understood as a change in the proportions between the basic sectors - processing, raw materials and transaction. In orthodox economic theories, gross fixed capital formation is given a central place in ensuring economic growth in the long term, although in practice there are many conditions that weaken such an impact. The purpose of the study is to identify the modes of the investment process in the coordinates of “investment - risk”, determining the impact on the growth rate and assessing the distribution of investments by economic sectors that form the economic structure. This will allow specifying the tasks of development of the Russian economy, highlighting the directions of structural policy and measures to stimulate economic growth that go beyond the stereotypical orthodox approach, which reduces recommendations to an increase in the accumulation rate and investments. The methodology of the study is the theory of economic growth and structural dynamics, empirical and regression analysis of data, ideas about the investment process and measures to stimulate it, a method for assessing the risk by the standard deviation of gross profit. The result is that the article theoretically identifies several investment dynamics regimes, defining two basic investment types (according to the dynamics of investment and risk) - “risky” and “hedge”. The current growth structure in Russia is assessed as based on risky investments, fixing the relationship between the main sectors and their contribution to the overall GDP growth rate. An empirical analysis of economic growth in Russia in the period 2000-2023 confirms that the dynamics of investments determined the growth rate, which in turn depended on changes in the risk generated by the institutional conditions of development. The risky type of investment also limited growth, and structurally, investments in fixed capital were mainly directed to transaction activities, then to the raw materials sectors and only then to processing. This circumstance actualizes the task of structural changes, which should be reduced to a change in the investment regime and institutional conditions that encourage capital renewal in the manufacturing sectors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd><kwd>риск</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>секторы экономики</kwd><kwd>инвестиционная политика</kwd><kwd>основной капитал</kwd><kwd>модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>investment</kwd><kwd>risk</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>economic sectors</kwd><kwd>investment policy</kwd><kwd>fixed capital</kwd><kwd>model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания Центру институтов социально-экономического развития ИЭ РАН.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This article was prepared within the framework of the state assignment to the Centre for Institutes of SocioEconomic Development of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абалкин Л. 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