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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-4-146-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-3847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMETRIC MODELLING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Построение системы опережающих индикаторов для прогнозирования валютного кризиса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Building a System of Leading Indicators for Forecasting the Currency Crisis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-3173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щепелева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchepeleva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Александровна Щепелева —  кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Shchepeleva —  Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mshchepeleva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щепелева М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щепелева М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchepeleva M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3847">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3847</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа посвящена анализу финансовых кризисов. Рассматриваются различные классификации кризисов, методы их прогнозирования, подходы к составлению системы опережающих индикаторов. Для лучшего понимания возможностей прогнозирования финансовых кризисов проводится собственное эмпирическое исследование по развивающимся странам с использованием традиционного эконометрического подхода для предсказания валютных кризисов и метода случайного леса. Выявлены наиболее значимые переменные, изменение которых может сигнализировать о начале валютного кризиса. Цель исследования —  сравнить прогностическую силу эконометрических моделей и методов машинного обучения для прогнозирования валютных кризисов в развивающихся странах и составить набор релевантных переменных, которые можно использовать в системе опережающих индикаторов. В работе применяется логит-регрессия и модель случайного леса. Для сравнения прогнозной силы моделей используется ROC-кривая. Значимость переменных в модели случайного леса определяется на основе значений Шепли. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют в пользу чуть более высокой прогностической силы случайного леса. Наиболее робастными предикторами валютных кризисов с точки зрения обеих моделей являются мировые цены на нефть и депозиты коммерческих банков. Полученные результаты могут быть приняты во внимание экономическими институтами, занимающимися регулированием финансовой системы, так как показывают, на какие индексы стоит в первую очередь обращать внимание при прогнозировании валютных кризисов в развивающихся странах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This research is devoted to the analysis of financial crises. We examine different classifications of crises, methods of forecasting, approaches to building systems of early warning indicators. To better understand the potential for predicting f inancial crises, we conduct our own empirical research, comparing logit model and random forest to predict currency crises in developing countries. We also identify the most relevant variables, whose dynamics may signal the currency crisis is approaching. We aim to compare the accuracy of econometric models and machine learning techniques in predicting currency crises in developing countries, and to identify a set of relevant indicators that could be used in a warning system. We use logit regression and random forest models. We compare the predictive power of these models using the ROC curve. The significance of variables in a random forest model is determined by the Shapley values. We found that the random forest model has slightly more accurate predictive power than the logit approach. Both models indicate that oil prices and commercial bank deposits are the most robust predictors of currency crises. The results obtained can be taken into account by economic institutions involved in financial system regulation, as we indicate the variables, which should be primarily taken into account when forecasting currency crises in developing countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>валютный кризис</kwd><kwd>логит-модель</kwd><kwd>случайный лес</kwd><kwd>система опережающих индикаторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>currency crisis</kwd><kwd>logit model</kwd><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>early warning system</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность Александру Петрову (НИУ ВШЭ) за сбор и обработку данных, а также  подготовку литературного обзора. Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда  (проект № 23-18-00756). Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»,  Москва, Российская Федерация.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author expresses his gratitude to Alexander Petrov (HSE) for collecting and processing data, as well  as preparing a literature review. The article was prepared as part of a grant from the Russian Science  Foundation (project No. 23-18-00756). National Research University “Higher School of Economics”,  Moscow, Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reinhart C., Rogoff K. The aftermath of financial crises. The American Economic Review. 2009;99(2):466 472. DOI: 10.1257/aer.99.2.466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reinhart C., Rogoff K. The aftermath of financial crises. The American Economic Review. 2009;99(2):466 472. 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