financeФинансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and PracticeFinance: Theory and Practice2587-56712587-7089Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-4-252-261finance-3854Research ArticleРЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫREGIONAL FINANCEОценка финансовой доступности северных регионов РоссииAssessment of Financial Inclusion of Russia’s Northern Regionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-5675КуриловаА. А.KurilovaA. A.

Анастасия Александровна Курилова —  доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор

Тольятти

Anastasia A. Kurilova —  Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Prof.

Togliatti

Aakurilova@yandex.ruТольяттинский государственный университетРоссияTogliatti State UniversityRussian Federation202531082025294252261Copyright © Курилова А.А., 20252025Курилова А.А.Kurilova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/3854

Многомерная оценка финансовой доступности имеет ключевое значение как для понимания финансовой стороны жизни населения, так и государства в целом. Северные территории играют огромную роль в жизни сов ременной России. Цель исследования —  сравнительная оценка финансовой инклюзивности северных регионов России c 2000 по 2022 г., а также выявление основных тенденций и факторов, оказывающих существенное влияние на распространение финансовой доступности в этих регионах. Для достижения цели была поставлена задача: выявить и оценить основные факторы, влияющие на финансовую доступность северных регионов Рос сии и составить их рейтинг, опираясь на анализ влияющих факторов. Предложенный в данной работе подход, основанный на двухэтапном анализе главных компонент (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) путем эндогенного присвоения весов и формирования сводного индекса, позволил избавиться от субъективного процесса взвешивания показателей и сформировать многомерную оценку финансового благополучия и благосостояния. Для выделения главных компонент использовался критерий Кайзера. Сделан вывод, что основными влияющими факторами являются: количество действующих кредитных организаций и их филиалов, а также средства (вклады) юридических и физических лиц в рублях и физических лиц —  в иностранной валюте. Полученные индексы финансовой доступности позволили провести рейтинговую оценку регионов, обнаружив существенные изменения с течением времени. Результаты исследования позволят оценить эффективность существующей политики и послужат основой для разработки целевых мероприятий, направленных на достижение конвергенции в сфере финансовой доступности на севере России.

Multidimensional assessment of financial inclusion is crucial for understanding both the financial aspect of people’s lives and the state’s overall financial situation. The northern territories play a significant role in modern Russia, and it is important to study their financial inclusion. The aim of this study is to compare financial inclusion in the northern regions of Russia between 2000 and 2022 and identify the main trends and factors influencing financial accessibility in these areas. To achieve this goal, we need to identify and analyze the main factors that affect financial accessibility in the northern regions and create a rating based on these factors. This will help us better understand the current situation and make informed decisions about future policies. The approach proposed in this paper, which is based on a two-stage principal component analysis (PCA), allows us to get rid of subjective processes in the weighing of indicators and form a comprehensive assessment of financial well being. This method involves endogenous assignment of weights and the creation of a composite index. The Kaiser criterion is used to identify the main components. As a result of our study, we have determined that the most significant factors influencing financial well-being are the number of operating credit institutions, their branches, and funds (deposits) held by legal entities and individuals, both in rubles and foreign currency. We have also developed financial accessibility indices that allow us to conduct rating assessments of regions and identify significant changes over time. The results of the study will help us to evaluate the effectiveness of the current policy and provide a basis for developing targeted measures to achieve convergence in financial accessibility in northern Russia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.