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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-5-2185-04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE FINANCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О теоретической модели трансформации бюджетного субсидирования мериторных благ в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Transformation of the Russian Model of Budget Financing for Merit Goods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-1938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Леонидовна Морозова — аспирант; научный сотрудник; и. о. начальника сводно-аналитического отдела Департамента развития социальной сферы и сектора некоммерческих организаций</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria L. Morozova — Postgraduate Student; Researcher; The Head of Analytics at the Department for Social Services and Non-Profit Sector Development</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dariamorozova87@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фонд «Институт экономической политики им. Е. Гайдара»; Государственный институт искусствознания; Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy Foundation; State Institute of Art Studies; Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>4109</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Морозова Д.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морозова Д.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morozova D.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4109">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4109</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа бюджетных организаций в современных условиях опирается в равной степени на рыночные сигналы и на директивные целевые установки непосредственных учредителей от лица государства. Как альтернатива «дуализму» бюджетных субсидий и доходов от платных услуг «третьей опорой» финансовой стабильности могут стать альтернативные инвестиции. Целью статьи является представление новой теоретической модели, предусматривающей подготовку институциональных условий для замещения субсидий доходами от доверительного управления целевым капиталом, дерегулирование и снижение нагрузки на всю бюджетную систему в долгосрочной перспективе. Намечая вывод об избыточных негативных экстерналиях менеджеризма, распространившегося с начала бюджетной реформы, автор таким образом обосновывает необходимость трансформации экономики части бюджетного сектора, которая готова воспринять новации. Результатом исследования является теоретическое описание модели, базирующейся на предоставлении бюджетной организации банковского кредита в размере n-летнего суммарного объема субсидий с предоставлением поручительства учредителя в той же сумме. Банковские средства в дальнейшем используются организацией для формирования целевого капитала и получения инвестиционного дохода. По завершении n-летнего периода учредитель освобождается от обязанности финансирования подведомственной бюджетной организации, так как субсидии бессрочно замещаются доходами от целевого капитала. В математической версии модели представлена формула, посредством которой при заданных параметрах денежного рынка определяется целевой уровень доходности эндаумента, позволяющий достигнуть обозначенной цели. Расчеты подтверждают вывод о том, что представленная модель может быть реализована при низких (льготных) кредитных ставках и сроке погашения кредита 8–12 лет.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The budgetary organizations in Russia rely equally on market signals and on the directive target settings of their state founders. The author outlines the conclusion about the excessive negative externalities of state managerialism, which has spread in Russia since the budget reform. The author justifies the transformation of the budget economy, which is described as being “forged in fire”. On the one hand, the economy is forced to operate under the laws of the market. On the other hand, it functions within a closed bureaucratic system. As an alternative to the “dualism” of budget subsidies and revenue from services, alternative investments could become the “third pillar” that could gradually take the place of the state. The purpose of the article is to present the author’s model dedicated to the transformation of the budget sector by promoting the economic deregulation and investment finance. As a result, the model proposes a new approach to reducing the burden on the overall budget system in the long run by replacing subsidies with the other sources of revenue. The model is based on the bank loan to a budget organization, providing the government guarantees the amount of N-year total budget subsidies. The organization subsequently uses the bank funds to establish an endowment and generate investment income. At the end of the N-year period, the founder is relieved from the obligation to finance the budgetary organization. In the mathematical version of the model, given the parameters of the money market, a target level of investment return is determined that ensures the viability of such a model. Calculations confirm the conclusion that the model can be implemented with low (preferential) interest rates and a loan term of 8–12 years.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>субсидии</kwd><kwd>мериторные блага</kwd><kwd>целевой капитал</kwd><kwd>эндаумент-фонд</kwd><kwd>кредит</kwd><kwd>государственная гарантия</kwd><kwd>поручительство</kwd><kwd>бюджетная реформа</kwd><kwd>альтернативные инвестиции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subsidies</kwd><kwd>meritorious benefits</kwd><kwd>target capital</kwd><kwd>endowment fund</kwd><kwd>loan</kwd><kwd>state guarantee</kwd><kwd>surety</kwd><kwd>budget reform</kwd><kwd>alternative investments</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хиггс Р. Кризис и Левиафан. Поворотные моменты роста американского правительства. Пер. с англ. М.: ИРИСЭН; 2010. 500 с. 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