<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-2-33-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4275</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БАНКОВСКИЙ СЕКТОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BANK SECTOR</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Процентные ставки по краткосрочным и долгосрочным ссудам: факторы формирования и актуальность регуляторного воздействия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interest Rates on Short- and Long-term Loans: Factors Affecting Their Formation and the Relevance of Regulatory Measures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бывшев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byvshev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Алексеевич Бывшев — доктор технических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры моделирования и системного анализа факультета информационных технологий и анализа больших данных </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Byvshev — Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Prof., Prof. of the Department of Modeling and System Analysis, Faculty of Information Technologies and Big Data Analysis </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VByvshev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-1943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешкова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Мешкова — кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры банковского дела и монетарного регулирования финансового факультета </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Meshkova — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof., Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Banking and Monetary Regulation, Faculty of Finance </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EIMeshkova@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бывшев В.А., Мешкова Е.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бывшев В.А., Мешкова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Byvshev V.A., Meshkova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4275">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4275</self-uri><abstract><p>Предметом исследования являются факторы формирования банковских процентных ставок по краткосрочным и долгосрочным кредитам. Актуальность определяется тем, что сегодня процентная политика банков рассматривается не только в качестве способа обеспечения их эффективности и финансовой устойчивости, но и как инструмент стимулирования экономической активности хозяйствующих субъектов. Цель исследования — разработка мер экономического и/или регуляторного характера применительно к процентной политике банков по ссудам в интересах национальной экономики на основе анализа факторов, влияющих на уровень банковских процентных ставок по активным операциям в России. Научная новизна состоит в выявлении на основе проведенного эмпирического исследования факторов, которые определяют процентную политику банков в краткосрочном и долгосрочном аспекте. Методология исследования основана на статистическом моделировании с применением модели векторной авторегрессии-распределенных лагов. Статистическая база данных представлена финансовыми показателями, характеризующими банковский сектор России, а также значительным кругом макроэкономических переменных. Результаты. На основе проведенного моделирования и оценки гипотез исследования авторами выявлены факторы, влияющие на уровень банковских процентных ставок по кредитам, основными из которых являются макроэкономические переменные: процентная ставка денежного рынка и структурный дефицит ликвидности банковского сектора. Показано, что влияние макро­ экономических параметров различно применительно к долгосрочным и краткосрочным ставкам. Так, номинальный ВВП значим только для долгосрочных процентных ставок. Показатели качества кредитного портфеля не выступают фактором ценообразования по кредитам. По результатам исследования предложены направления развития банковского регулирования: нормативное соответствие между надбавкой к процентной ставке на покрытие кредитного риска и размером резервирования по ссуде; ограничение практики кредитования компаний по плавающим ставкам за счет установления соответствующих лимитов; внедрение дополнительного кредитного инструмента постоянного действия — обеспеченного кредита системно значимым банкам на срок один год.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article is to study the factors that influence the bank short-term and long-term interest rates. The relevance: in modern conditions the interest rate policy is considered not only as a way to ensure bank efficiency and financial stability, but also as a tool to stimulate economic activity. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the short-term and long-term interest rates and, on this basis, to determine economic and/or regulatory measures to improve the bank interest rate policy for the purposes of national economy. The scientific novelty includes the identification of the factors that determine the banking interest rate policy in the short-term and longterm aspects. The research methodology is based on statistical modeling using the vector autoregressive distributed lag model. The statistical database includes the Russian banking sector financial indicators and a significant range of macroeconomic variables. Results. The authors identified the factors of bank loans interest rates. The key parameters include macroeconomic variables: the money market interest rate and the structural liquidity deficit of the banking sector. The impact of macroeconomic parameters differs with respect to long-term and short-term rates, as nominal GDP is significant only for long-term interest rates. Loan portfolio quality indicators do not affect interest rates. Based on the study's findings, the authors proposed directions to develop the current banking regulation: to set regulatory alignment between the credit risk premium and the loan loss reserve requirement; to limit the corporate floating rates lending; to introduce an additional credit instrument of the Bank of Russia —a secured loan to systemically important banks for a one year.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>банк</kwd><kwd>процентные ставки</kwd><kwd>проценты по краткосрочным и долгосрочным ссудам</kwd><kwd>факторы цено­образования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bank</kwd><kwd>interest rates</kwd><kwd>short-term and long-term interest rates</kwd><kwd>pricing factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларионова И.В., Бывшев В.А., Мешкова Е.И. Регулирование деятельности и финансовой устойчивости банковских групп в России. Финансы: теория и практика. 2023;27(1):127-137. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-1-127-137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larionova I.V., Byvshev V.A., Meshkova E.I. Regulation of banking groups and their financial stability in Russia. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2023;27(1):127-137. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-1-127-137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сотников Д.C., Журавлева О.В., Варвус С.А., Буевич А.П. Роль золота в современной экономике. Финансы: теория и практика. 2025;29(2):238-250. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-2-238-250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotnikov D.C., Zhuravleva O.V., Varvus S.A., Buevich A.P. The role of gold in the modern economy. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2025;29(2):238-250. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-2-238-250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Е.А., Неврединов А.Р. Влияние информации о санкциях на курс валюты. Вестник СанктПетербургского университета. Экономика. 2025;41(2):254-273. DOI: 10.21638/spbu05.2025.204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova E.A., Nevredinov A.R. The impact of information about sanctions on the exchange rate. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ehkonomika = St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies. 2025;41(2):254-273. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21638/spbu05.2025.204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Е.А., Федотова М.А., Слепнева Т.А., Демин И. С. Влияние раскрытия социальных аспектов ESG-показателей на стоимость акций китайских компаний. Финансы: теория и практика. 2025;29(6):18-31. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-6-18-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova E.A., Fedotova M.A., Slepneva T.A., Demin I.S. The impact of ESG social aspects disclosure on the stock prices of Chinese companies. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2025;29(6):18-31. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-6-18-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эскиндаров О. М., Маняхин Т. В. Маневр ликвидности в финансовой системе России в контексте проблематики инфляции и развития рынка акций. Финансы: теория и практика. 2025;29(5):47-63. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-5-47-63</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eskindarov О. М., Maniakhin T. V. Liquidity maneuver in the Russian financial system in the context of inflation issues and stock market development. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2025;29(5):47-63. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-5-47-63</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панова С.А., Куимов Д.Л., Переход С.А. Анализ ценообразования российских ипотечных ценных бумаг. Финансы: теория и практика. 2025;29(4):163-176. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-4-163-176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panova S.A., Kuimov D.L., Perekhod S.A. Pricing analysis of Russian mortgage-backed securities. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2025;29(4):163-176. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-4-163-176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кропин Ю.А. Актуальные вопросы курсовой валютной политики и направление их решения. Экономика. Налоги. Право. 2025;18(1):32-40. DOI: 10.26794/1999-849X-2025-18-1-32-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kropin Yu. A. Current issues of exchange rate policy and the direction of their solution. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo = Economics, Taxes &amp; Law. 2025;18(1):32-40. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794/1999-849X-2025- 18-1-32-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роуз П.С. Банковский менеджмент: предоставление финансовых услуг. Пер с англ. М.: Дело; 1997. 768 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose P.S. Commercial bank management. Chicago, IL: Irwin; 1995. 808 p. (Russ. ed.: Rose P.S. Bankovskii menedzhment: predostavlenie finansovykh uslug. Moscow: Delo; 1997. 768 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бригхем Ю.Ф., Эрхардт М.С. Финансовый менеджмент. 10‑е изд. Пер. с англ. СПб.: Питер; 2005. 959 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brigham E.F., Ehrhardt M.C. Financial management: Theory and practice. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publ.; 2001. 1184 p. (Russ. ed.: Brigham E.F., Ehrhardt M.C. Finansovyy menedzhment. 10th ed. St. Petersburg: Piter; 2005. 959 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Платонов В., Хиггинс М., ред. Банковское дело: Стратегическое руководство. М.: Консалтбанкир; 2001. 429 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Platonov V., Higgins M., eds. Banking: Strategic management. Moscow: Konsultbankir; 2001. 429 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синки Дж.Ф. мл. Финансовый менеджмент в коммерческих банках. Пер. с англ. М.: Catallaxy; 1994. 937 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinkey J.F., Jr. Commercial bank financial management in the financial-services industry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1992. 696 p. (Russ. ed.: Sinkey J.F., Jr. Finansovyi menedzhment v kommercheskom banke i v industrii finansovykh uslug. Moscow: Catallaxy; 1994. 937 p.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glantz M. Managing bank risk: An introduction to broad-base credit engineering. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2003. 668 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glantz M. Managing bank risk: An introduction to broad-base credit engineering. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2003. 668 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамий Е.А., Бочарова А.И. Управление процентной ставкой в коммерческих банках. Финансовая аналитика: проблемы и решения. 2015;(27):42-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamii E.A., Bocharova A.I. Risk-based pricing management in commercial banks. Finansovaya analitika: problemy i resheniya = Financial Analytics: Science and Experience. 2015;(27):42-53ю (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cadamagnani F., Harimohan R., Tangri K. A bank within a bank: How a commercial bank’s treasury function affects the interest rates set for loans and deposits. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin. 2015;55(2):153-164. URL: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/quarterly-bulletin/2015/a-bank-within-a-bankhow-a-commercial-banks-treasury-function-affects (дата обращения: 05.05.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cadamagnani F., Harimohan R., Tangri K. A bank within a bank: How a commercial bank’s treasury function affects the interest rates set for loans and deposits. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin. 2015;55(2):153-164. URL: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/quarterly-bulletin/2015/a-bank-within-a-bankhow-a-commercial-banks-treasury-function-affects (дата обращения: 05.05.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliot V. Funds transfer pricing in Swedish savings banks: An exploratory survey. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 2018;34(3):289-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.scaman.2018.06.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliot V. Funds transfer pricing in Swedish savings banks: An exploratory survey. Scandinavian Journal of Management. 2018;34(3):289-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.scaman.2018.06.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Castro V., Leote T., Safari M. Using fund transfer pricing as a performance measurement system in the financial service industry. Management Accounting Frontiers. 2019;(2):13-30. DOI: 10.52153/prj0404003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Castro V., Leote T., Safari M. Using fund transfer pricing as a performance measurement system in the financial service industry. Management Accounting Frontiers. 2019;(2):13-30. DOI: 10.52153/prj0404003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dermine J. Fund transfer pricing for deposits and loans, foundation and advanced. Journal of Financial Perspectives. 2013;1(1):169-178. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2069917</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dermine J. Fund transfer pricing for deposits and loans, foundation and advanced. Journal of Financial Perspectives. 2013;1(1):169-178. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2069917</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тищенко А.Г. Концепция внутреннего трансфертного ценообразования как элемента системы управленческого учета коммерческого банка. Финансы и кредит. 2022;28(11):2540-2576. DOI: 10.24891/fc.28.11.2540</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tishchenko A. G. The concept of internal transfer pricing as an element of the management accounting system of a commercial bank. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2022;28(11):2540-2576. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24891/fc.28.11.2540</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А.Н., Заборовская А.Е. Оптимизация концепции трансфертного ценообразования в коммерческом банке. Банковское дело. 2023;(2):56-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov A. N., Zaborovskaya A. E. Optimization of the transfer pricing concept in a commercial bank. Bankovskoe delo = Banking. 2023;(2):56-62. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сердюкова Л.О., Егорова В.О. Трансфертное ценообразование как инструмент оценки деятельности коммерческого банка. Инновационная деятельность. 2016;(4):65-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serdyukova L.O., Egorova V.O. Transfer pricing as a tool to estimate commercial banking. Innovatsionnaya deyatel’nost’ = Innovation Activity. 2016;(4):65-70. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елфимова И.Ф. Формирование процентной политики по продуктовым инновациям банка на основе маржинального анализа. Горохов А.А., ред. Современные подходы к трансформации концепций государственного регулирования и управления в социально-экономических системах. Сб. тр. 5‑й Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (Курск, 18-19 февраля 2016 г.). Курск: Университетская книга; 2016:73-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elfimova I.F. Formation of interest rate policy for bank product innovations based on marginal analysis. In: Gorokhov A.A., ed. Modern approaches to transformation of concepts of state regulation and management in socio-economic systems. Proc. 5th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (Kursk: Universitetskaya kniga; 2016:73-75. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурзаев С.В. Риск-ориентированный подход к ценообразованию банковских кредитов: сущность и результаты реализации. Инновационное развитие экономики. 2013;(4-5):123-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murzaev S.V. Risk-oriented approach to pricing of bank loans: Essence and results of implementation. Innovatsionnoe razvitie ekonomiki = Innovative Development of Economy. 2013;(4-5):123-132. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поршаков А., Синяков А. Оценки равновесной процентной ставки для России: полезна ли навигация по звездам? Деньги и кредит. 2019;(4):3-47. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201904.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porshakov A., Sinyakov A. Estimates of the natural rate of interest for Russia: Is ‘navigating by the stars’ useful? Russian Journal of Money and Finance. 2019;78(4):3-47. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201904.03 (In Russ.: Den’gi i kredit. 2019;(4):3-47. DOI: 10.31477/rjmf.201904.03).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пильник Н.П., Родионов С.А. Прогнозирование процентных ставок и показателей срочности в российской банковской системе. Проблемы прогнозирования. 2022;(3):149-159. DOI: 10.47711/0868-6351-192-149-159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pil’nik N.P., Rodionov S.A. Forecasting interest rates and maturity indicators in the Russian banking system. Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2022;33(3):344-352. 10.1134/S1075700722030121 (In Russ.: Problemy prognozirovaniya. 2022;(3):149-159. DOI: 10.47711/0868-6351-192-149-159).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крепцев Д.А., Селезнев С.М. Влияние ставок денежного рынка на ставки по кредитам конечным заемщикам. Деньги и кредит. 2017;(9):18-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreptsev D.A., Seleznev S.M. The impact of money market interest rates on retail interest rates. Den’gi Kredit = Russian Journal of Money and Finance. 2017;(9):18-27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева О.Н. Особенности влияния ключевой ставки Банка России на процентные ставки коммерческих банков по кредитам. Банковское дело. 2019;(10):18-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afanas’eva O.N. Features of the key rate of the Bank of Russia influence on interest rates of commercial banks loans. Bankovskoe delo = Banking. 2019;10:18-23. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Некипелов А. Д. К теории кредита и процентной ставки. Экономика и математические методы. 2021;57(2):5-20. DOI: 10.31857/S042473880014718-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekipelov A. D. On the theory of credit and interest rates. Ekonomika i matematicheskie metody = Economics and Mathematical Methods. 2021;57(2):5-20. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31857/S042473880014718-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева Л. А., Сергеев С. В. Взаимосвязь процентных ставок и экономического роста в РФ с 2008 по 2018 гг. Наука и бизнес: пути развития. 2020;(7):126-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva L. A., Sergeev S. V. The relationship between interest rates and economic growth in the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2018. Nauka i biznes: puti razvitiya = Science and Business: Ways of Development. 2020;(7):126-130. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Восканян Р. О. Влияние процентных ставок на инновационные процессы. Известия Юго- Западного государственного университета. Серия: Экономика. Социология. Менеджмент. 2019;9(6):22-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voskanian R. O. Influence of interest rates on innovative processes. Izvestiya Yugo- Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. Sociologiya. Menedzhment = Proceedings of South- West State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management. 2019;9(6):22-28. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дементьев В. Е. Обновление технологической базы и экономики и реальные процентные ставки. Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2023;(3):104-119. DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2023_3_104-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dementiev V. E. Updating the technological base of the economy and real interest rates. Zhurnal Novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii = Journal of the New Economic Association. 2023;(3):104-119. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31737/22212264_2023_3_104-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashraf B. N., Shen Y. Economic policy uncertainty and banks’ loan pricing. Journal of Financial Stability. 2019;44:100695. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2019.100695</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashraf B. N., Shen Y. Economic policy uncertainty and banks’ loan pricing. Journal of Financial Stability. 2019;44:100695. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2019.100695</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen T. C., Thuy T. H. Geopolitical risk and the cost of bank loans. Finance Research Letters. 2023;54:103812. DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen T. C., Thuy T. H. Geopolitical risk and the cost of bank loans. Finance Research Letters. 2023;54:103812. DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen T. C., Ho T. T. Credit market regulations and bank loan pricing. Economic Modelling. 2024;133:106673. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106673</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen T. C., Ho T. T. Credit market regulations and bank loan pricing. Economic Modelling. 2024;133:106673. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106673</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drumond I., Jorge J. Loan interest rates under risk-based capital requirements: The impact of banking market structure. Economic Modelling. 2013;32:602-607. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drumond I., Jorge J. Loan interest rates under risk-based capital requirements: The impact of banking market structure. Economic Modelling. 2013;32:602-607. DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W., Wu W., Zhang T. Fintech development, firm digitalization, and bank loan pricing. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. 2023;39:100838. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2023.100838</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen W., Wu W., Zhang T. Fintech development, firm digitalization, and bank loan pricing. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance. 2023;39:100838. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2023.100838</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta A., Singh A. K., Zebedee A. A. Liquidity in the pricing of syndicated loans. Journal of Financial Markets. 2008;11(4):339-376. DOI: 10.1016/j.finmar.2007.12.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A., Singh A. K., Zebedee A. A. Liquidity in the pricing of syndicated loans. Journal of Financial Markets. 2008;11(4):339-376. DOI: 10.1016/j.finmar.2007.12.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W. How does local government debt affect bank loan pricing? Evidence from loan-level data. Economic Systems. 2024;48(3):101238. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2024.101238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen W. How does local government debt affect bank loan pricing? Evidence from loan-level data. Economic Systems. 2024;48(3):101238. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2024.101238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao Y. Peer information in loan pricing. Journal of Corporate Finance. 2022;76:102248. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao Y. Peer information in loan pricing. Journal of Corporate Finance. 2022;76:102248. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton J. D. Time series analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1994. 820 p. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv14jx6sm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilton J. D. Time series analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1994. 820 p. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv14jx6sm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sims C. A. Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica. 1980;48(1):1-48. DOI: 10.2307/1912017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sims C. A. Macroeconomics and reality. Econometrica. 1980;48(1):1-48. DOI: 10.2307/1912017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеев С. Р. Черный ящик процентного канала денежно- кредитной политики. Вопросы экономики. 2020;(9):5-21. DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2020-9-5-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseev S. R. The “black box” of the interest rate channel of monetary policy. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2020;(9):5- 21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042-8736-2020-9-5-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
