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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-2-185-197</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политическая экономия международной финансовой системы XXI века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Political Economy of the Global Financial System in the 21st Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-1761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Ткаченко — доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Института исследований международных экономических отношений</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Tkachenko — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Chief Research Fellow at the Institute for Research of International Economic Relations</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alaltkachenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>197</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткаченко А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4288">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4288</self-uri><abstract><p>Мировая экономика в XXI в. находится в условиях повышенной неопределенности и возникающих кризисов, крупнейший из которых, названный Великой рецессией, привел к важным изменениям в современной архитектуре мировой финансовой системы в пост-Бреттон- Вудский период. Автор поставил задачу проследить эти изменения на примере деятельности международных финансовых институтов и показать необходимость политико-экономического подхода к оценке их деятельности, включая усиление ее социальной направленности. Цель исследования состоит в оценке возможностей глобального финансового регулирования при усилении гуманитарно-экономической ориентации международных финансовых институтов и трансформации глобальной финансовой системы под воздействием кризисов XXI в. В качестве основных методов использовались: системный и логический методы, индукция и дедукция, статистический анализ, которые позволили выявить тенденции в расширении финансовых моделей, предлагаемых МВФ и ВБ, основные изменения на мировом рынке облигаций и их отличия от мирового рынка капитализации акций. Использовались данные из баз данных ВБ, МВФ, международной статистики, а также фундаментальных исследований в рамках политэкономического подхода к оценке деятельности международных финансовых организаций и характера их влияния на развитие отдельных групп стран с особым вниманием к группе наименее развитых стран, включая их социальное развитие. В результате исследования были опровергнуты выводы о росте бедности из-за финансово-кредитной помощи развивающимся странам со стороны МВФ, показана роль международных финансовых институтов в достижении бедными странами Целей устойчивого развития ООН. Сделан вывод о том, что для разрешения вопроса о процедуре принятия решений в МВФ требуется политико-экономический подход, позволяющий учитывать различающиеся геополитические и геоэкономические интересы групп стран. Введено понятие «социализация деятельности всемирных финансовых организаций»; показано, что ориентация финансовых организаций кроме основных функций и на гуманитарные проблемы современного мира во многом определяет финансовую архитектуру мировой экономики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The world economy in the 21st century faces increased uncertainty and emerging crises. The most significant of these, known as the Great Recession, has led to significant changes in the global financial system since the post-Bretton Woods era. The author aims to trace these changes through the activities of international financial institutions, and to demonstrate the need for a political and economic approach to evaluating their activities, including the strengthening of their social orientation. The aim of the study is to explore the potential for global financial regulation, while also enhancing the humanitarian and economic focus of international financial institutions, and transforming the global financial system in response to the challenges of the 21st century’s crises. The main methods used in this study were system and logical methods, induction and deduction, as well as statistical analysis. These methods helped to reveal trends in the expansion of financial models proposed by the IMF and the World Bank, as well as the main changes in the global bond market and its differences from the equity market. Data from the World Bank and IMF, as well as international statistics and fundamental research databases, were used to conduct a political and economic analysis of the activities of international financial institutions and their impact on individual countries. Particular attention was paid to the least developed countries and their social development. As a result of the study, the conclusions regarding the increase in poverty caused by financial and credit assistance from the IMF to developing countries were refuted. The study also highlighted the role of international financial institutions in supporting poor countries in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The concept of “socialization of the activities of global financial organizations” was introduced. It has been shown that the focus of financial institutions, in addition to their core functions, on humanitarian issues in the modern world largely determines the financial architecture in which the global economy operates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>architecture of global finance</kwd><kwd>Bretton Woods system</kwd><kwd>global financial regulation</kwd><kwd>asymmetric sovereignty</kwd><kwd>global fixed income market</kwd><kwd>emerging markets</kwd><kwd>financial crisis</kwd><kwd>WB</kwd><kwd>IMF</kwd><kwd>ECB</kwd><kwd>poverty reduction</kwd><kwd>open finance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансовому университету при Правительстве Российской Федерации. Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, Москва, Российская Федерация.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James S. Special section introduction: Epistemic politics in international and comparative political economy. New Political Economy. 2024;29(6):835-843. DOI: 10.1080/13563467.2024.2359965</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James S. 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