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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-3-144-154</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4407</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ФИНАНСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные валютно-финансовые проблемы Ирана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Currency and Financial Issues of Iran</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-7201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашбразиев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashbrasiev</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринас Васимович Кашбразиев — доктор экономических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры мировой экономики и мировых финансов, факультет международных экономических отношений, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации; ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ «Восточный разряд», Казанский федеральный университет </p><p>Москва </p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinas V. Kashbrasiev — Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Prof., Prof. at the Department of World Economy and World Finance, Faculty of International Economic Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation; Leading Researcher at the Research laboratory “Vostochnyy razryad” (Eastern Studies), Kazan Federal University </p><p>Moscow </p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rvkashbraziev@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6623-1799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонтов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamontov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Вячеславович Мамонтов — аспирант, Институт востоковедения РАН, Москва, Российская Федерация; лаборант-исследователь НИЛ «Восточный разряд», Казанский федеральный университет </p><p>Москва </p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei V. Mamontov — PhD student, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Assistant at the Research laboratory “Vostochnyy razryad” (Eastern Studies), Kazan Federal University </p><p>Moscow </p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alx.mamontoff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации; Казанский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation; Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения РАН; Казанский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кашбразиев Р.В., Мамонтов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кашбразиев Р.В., Мамонтов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashbrasiev R.V., Mamontov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4407">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4407</self-uri><abstract><p>Предмет исследования — валютно-финансовые проблемы Ирана в 2018–2025 гг., обусловленные совокупностью внешних и внутренних факторов, оказавших влияние на экономическую ситуацию в стране. К внешним факторам относятся санкции, ограничивающие доступ страны к мировым рынкам капитала. Внутренние факторы включают особенности функционирования банковской системы, институциональные ограничения, специфику денежнокредитной политики, в том числе множественность обменных курсов. Цель работы — определение роли внешних и внутренних ограничений в возникновении и развитии валютно-финансовых проблем Ирана в 2018–2025 гг. Применены методы сравнительного и структурного анализа, а также статистическая обработка макроэкономических данных из официальных источников. Проведенный анализ валютно-финансовых проблем Ирана позволил сформулировать следующие выводы. Во-первых, международные санкции, ограничения на экспорт нефти, отключение банковского сектора от глобальных платежных систем и блокировка активов существенно сузили пространство для поддержания макроэкономической стабильности и подорвали устойчивость национальной валюты. Во-вторых, внутренние дисбалансы, в числе которых неэффективность валютного регулирования, уязвимость банковской системы, высокий уровень проблемных активов и ограниченная независимость финансовых институтов, усилили воздействие внешних шоков, способствовав формированию устойчивой инфляции и снижению доверия к риалу. Валютнофинансовая нестабильность в Иране обусловлена наложением экзогенных ограничений на внутренние институциональные и структурные уязвимости. Для поддержания макроэкономической устойчивости в современных условиях особое значение приобретает сочетание адаптации к внешним вызовам и последовательных институциональных преобразований, затрагивающих сферу денежно-кредитной политики, прозрачности и конкурентности валютного рынка, а также организацию банковского сектора. Результаты исследования имеют практическую ценность, так как систематизация данных о динамике денежных агрегатов, инфляции и обменных курсов, выявление взаимосвязи внешних и внутренних факторов, влияющих на валютно-финансовую нестабильность в Иране, могут быть полезны для разработки решений по улучшению финансовой ситуации в стране, а также для проведения сравнительных и прикладных исследований в сфере мировых финансов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study focuses on Iran’s monetary and financial challenges between 2018 and 2025, which are caused by a complex combination of external and internal factors that have impacted the country’s economic situation. External factors, such as sanctions imposed on Iran, have restricted its access to global capital markets and contributed to the country’s financial difficulties. Internal factors like the specific functioning of the banking system, institutional limitations, and monetary policy decisions, including the use of multiple exchange rates, also contribute to these challenges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of both external and internal factors in the emergence and evolution of Iran’s monetary and financial challenges between 2018 and 2025. We employ methods of comparative and structural analysis as well as statistical analysis of macroeconomic data sourced from official government reports. Through our analysis of these economic issues, we have been able to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, international sanctions, restrictions on oil exports, the disconnection of the banking sector from global payment systems, and the blocking of assets have significantly reduced the space for maintaining macroeconomic stability and weakened the stability of the national currency. Secondly, internal imbalances, including inefficient currency regulation, vulnerable banking systems, high levels of problematic assets, and limited independence of financial institutions, have increased the impact of external shocks and contributed to the formation of persistent inflation and reduced confidence in the Rial. Monetary and financial instability in Iran is caused by external restrictions imposed on internal institutional and structural vulnerabilities. To maintain macroeconomic stability in modern times, it is essential to adapt to external challenges while also implementing consistent institutional changes that affect monetary policy, the transparency and competitiveness of the foreign exchange market, and the organization of the banking sector. The results of this study have practical value, as they provide a systematic approach to understanding the dynamics of monetary aggregates, inflation, and exchange rates in Iran. By identifying the relationships between external and internal factors that contribute to monetary and financial instability, we can develop solutions to improve the country’s financial situation and conduct comparative and applied research in global finance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>валютно-финансовая нестабильность</kwd><kwd>международные санкции</kwd><kwd>банковская система</kwd><kwd>денежно-кредитная политика</kwd><kwd>исламские финансы</kwd><kwd>инфляция</kwd><kwd>валютные курсы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>financial instability</kwd><kwd>international sanctions</kwd><kwd>banking system</kwd><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>Islamic finance</kwd><kwd>inflation</kwd><kwd>exchange rates</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств субсидии, предоставленной Казанскому федеральному университету для выполнения государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности, № FZSM‑2023-0024. Казанский федеральный университет, Казань, Российская Федерация.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was funded by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities No. FZSM‑2023-0024. Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюшин С.А., Поспелов В.К., Ярыгина И.З. и др. Глобальные финансы: взгляд из России. М.: Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации; 2014. 104 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryushin S.A., Pospelov V.K., Yarygina I.Z., et al. Global finance: A view from Russia. Moscow: Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation; 2014. 104 p. 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