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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-3-195-213</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4412</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модели управления структурой капитала компании на основе лаговых детерминант с учетом стоимости долга и налогов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models of Structure Capital Management Based on the Lag Determinants, Including the Cost of Debt and Tax</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-973X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Георгиевна Демидова — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономики, управления и организации производства</p><p>г. Старый Оскол, Белгородская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Demidova — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Economics, Management, and Production Organization</p><p>Stary Oskol, Belgorod Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitrikeg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-0394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатов</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Михайлович Богатов — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры высшей математики и информатики; доцент кафедры горного дела</p><p>г. Старый Оскол, Белгородская обл.г. Губкин, Белгородская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor M. Bogatov — Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Higher Mathematics and Computer Science, A. A. Ugarov Stary Oskol Technological Institute (branch) of MISIS University; Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Mining, MISIS University Branch</p><p>Stary Oskol, Belgorod Region</p><p>Gubkin, Belgorod Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">embogatov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Старооскольский технологический институт им. А. А. Угарова (филиал) Университета МИСИС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Ugarov Stary Oskol Technological Institute (branch) of the University MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Старооскольский технологический институт им. А. А. Угарова (филиал) Национального исследовательского технологического университета «МИСиС»; Филиал Национального исследовательского технологического университета «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. A. Ugarov Stary Oskol Technological Institute (branch) of the National University of Science and Technology MISIS; Branch of the National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демидова Е.Г., Богатов Е.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демидова Е.Г., Богатов Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demidova E.G., Bogatov E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4412">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4412</self-uri><abstract><p>Вопрос о существовании оптимальной структуры капитала остается предметом научных споров уже более 70 лет. Развитие теорий структуры капитала подтолкнуло ученых к анализу факторов, влияющих на принятие решений о соотношении собственных средств и долга. Применяемые методики управления структурой капитала зависят от целей менеджмента компании и могут заключаться в обеспечении финансовой устойчивости, максимизации прибыли или обеспечении доходности на инвестированный капитал. При этом принятие управленческих решений относительно структуры капитала основывается, как правило, на неформализованных оценках ввиду отсутствия конкретных инструментов, позволяющих принимать научно обоснованные решения в данной области. Цель исследования заключается в выработке формализованного подхода к управлению структурой капитала за счет варьирования лаговых детерминант. Эмпирической базой исследования явились отчетные и прогнозные данные крупнейших компаний металлургической отрасли РФ за 2019–2023 гг. Трехфакторная лаговая модель дает возможность определить структуру корпоративного капитала на основе приращения трех детерминант: рентабельности продаж, ресурсоотдачи и мультипликатора собственного капитала. Пятифакторная лаговая модель учитывает, помимо вышеперечисленных, стоимость долга и налоги. Выбор модели для структурирования капитала основывается на доступности и объективности информации для расчета. При этом трехфакторная и пятифакторная лаговые модели дают для металлургической отрасли очень схожую структуру капитала. Как показали расчеты, разница в моделировании возникает за счет прироста рентабельности продаж (ΔROS) и процентного бремени (ΔIb). К тому же, если прирост рентабельности продаж больше ΔIb, то доля собственного капитала будет увеличиваться. С целью повышения качества принимаемых управленческих решений относительно структуры капитала целесообразно проводить прогнозирование по двум моделям, а в практической деятельности полученные результаты использовать как коридор возможного изменения структуры совокупного капитала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The question of the optimal capital structure existence has been a controversial field for scientists for more than 70 years. The development of capital structure theories has prompted scientists to analyze the factors that influence the decision-making on the equity/debt ratio. The applied methods of capital structure management depend on the goals of the company’s management and may include ensuring financial stability, profit maximization or ensuring the return on invested capital. At the same time, managerial decision-making regarding the capital structure is based, as a rule, on informal assessments due to the lack of specific tools that allow for making scientifically sound decisions in this area. The purpose of the study is to develop a formalized approach to capital structure management by varying lag determinants. A three-factor lag model allows us to determine the corporate capital structure based on the increment of three determinants — return on sales, resource efficiency, and equity multiplier. A five-factor lag model takes into account, in addition to the above, the costs of debt and taxes. The choice of a model for capital structure is based on the availability and objectivity of information for calculation. At the same time, both three-factor and five-factor lag models produce a very similar capital structure for the metallurgical industry. As calculations have shown, the difference in modeling arises due to an increase in the return on sales (ΔROS) and an interest burden (ΔIb). Moreover, if the increase in the return on sales exceeds ΔIb, then the share of equity capital will rise. In order to improve the quality of management decisions regarding the capital structure, it is advisable to carry out forecasting using two models, and in practical activity the obtained results should be used as a guideline for possible changes in the total capital structure. The empirical basis of the study was the reporting and forecast data from the largest companies of the metallurgical industry in the Russian Federation over 2019–2023.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>структура капитала</kwd><kwd>рентабельность</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>лаговые модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>capital structure</kwd><kwd>profitability</kwd><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>lag models</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan A., Qureshi M. A., Davidsen P. I. A system dynamics model of capital structure policy for firm value maximization. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. 2021;38(4):503-516. DOI: 10.1002/sres.2693</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan A., Qureshi M. A., Davidsen P. I. 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