<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-3-214-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4413</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЕ РИСКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL RISKS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование шкал стохастического ранжирования финансовых рисков различного уровня катастрофичности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Study of Stochastic Ranking Scales for Financial Risks of Different Levels of Catastrophicity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-145X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасян</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasyan</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виген Бабкенович Минасян — кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой корпоративных финансов, инвестиционного проектирования и оценки им. М. А. Лимитовского факультета финансов Института управления</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vigen B. Minasyan — Cand. Sci. (Phis.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Limitivsky corporate finance, investment design and evaluation department, Faculty of Finance, Institute of Management</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minasyanvb@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РАНХиГС при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минасян В.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минасян В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minasyan V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4413">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4413</self-uri><abstract><p>Понятие о стохастическом порядке между случайными величинами сформировалось и развивалось в науке с середины ХХ в., но лишь в последнее его десятилетие эти понятия проникли в приложения по риск-менеджменту и в актуарную область, превратившись в активно развивающуюся область, позволяющую сравнивать сами факторы риска как случайные величины и уровень связанных с ними опасностями (рисками). Целью данной работы является разработка рекомендаций по решению проблемы сравнения различных рисков и предложение методов такого сравнения для рисков различной степени катастрофичности. Исследуются отношения стохастического и дисперсионного порядка во множестве рисков. В результате проводится исследование данных порядков с помощью мер риска VaR, а также мер риска VaR(t) (VaR в степени t), введенных в научный обиход в последние годы. Исследуется описание данных порядков с применением метода стоп-лосс преобразования риска, а также метода ставки опасности. Кроме того, в работе для известных примеров распределений потерь, которые находят широкие приложения в риск-менеджменте и актуарной науке, получены простые способы, позволяющие сравнивать риски, подчиняющиеся этим распределениям, выражаемые через параметры распределений. Результаты и методы данной работы могут представлять интерес как практикам, так и ученым, занимающимся проблемами риск-менеджмента и актуарной областью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The concept of stochastic order between random variables has been formed and developed in science since the middle of the 20th century. However, it was only in the last decade that these concepts began to penetrate into risk management applications and into the actuarial field. This has made it possible for them to become an actively developing area, allowing us to compare the risk factors themselves, as well as the level of hazards (risks) associated with them. The purpose of this work is to develop recommendations for solving the problem of comparing various risks and to propose methods for comparing risks with different degrees of catastrophicity. The relations of stochastic and dispersion orders in a set of risks are investigated. As a result, a study of these orders is carried out using risk measures VaR, as well as risk measures VaR(t ) (VaR to the power of t), introduced into scientific use in recent years. The description of these orders is analyzed using the stop loss method of risk transformation, as well as the danger rate method. In addition, in this study, for well-known examples of loss distributions are given that find wide application in risk management and actuarial science. Simple methods are obtained to allow one to compare risks under these distributions, which are expressed through the parameters of these distributions. The results and methods presented in this work may be of interest to both practitioners and researchers involved in the problems of risk management and the actuarial fields.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стохастический порядок</kwd><kwd>дисперсионный порядок</kwd><kwd>стоп-лосс преобразование риска</kwd><kwd>ставка опасности</kwd><kwd>мера риска VaR</kwd><kwd>мера риска VaR в степени t</kwd><kwd>спреды VaR и VaR в степени t</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stochastic order</kwd><kwd>dispersion order</kwd><kwd>stop loss risk transformation</kwd><kwd>danger rate</kwd><kwd>risk measure VaR</kwd><kwd>risk measure VaR to the power of t</kwd><kwd>spreads VaR and VaR to the power of t</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehmann E. L. Ordered families of distributions. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1955;26(3):399-419. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177728487</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehmann E. L. Ordered families of distributions. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1955;26(3):399-419. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177728487</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamae T., Krengel U., O’Brien G. L. Stochastic inequalities on partially ordered spaces. The Annals of Probability. 1977;5(6):899-912. DOI: 10.1214/aop/1176995659</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamae T., Krengel U., O’Brien G. L. Stochastic inequalities on partially ordered spaces. The Annals of Probability. 1977;5(6):899-912. DOI: 10.1214/aop/1176995659</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosler K. C., Scarsini M. Stochastic orders and applications: A classified bibliography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1993. 379 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosler K. C., Scarsini M. Stochastic orders and applications: A classified bibliography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1993. 379 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaked M., Shantikumar J. G. Stochastic orders and their applications. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1994. 545 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaked M., Shantikumar J. G. Stochastic orders and their applications. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1994. 545 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller A., Stoyan D. Comparison methods for stochastic models and risks. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2002. 330 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller A., Stoyan D. Comparison methods for stochastic models and risks. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2002. 330 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goovaerts M. J., Kaas R., Van Heerwaarden A. E., Bauwelinckx T. Effective actuarial methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1990. 316 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goovaerts M. J., Kaas R., Van Heerwaarden A. E., Bauwelinckx T. Effective actuarial methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1990. 316 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaas R., Van Heerwaarden A. E., Goovaerts M. J. Ordering of actuarial risks. Brussels: Caire; 1994. 144 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaas R., Van Heerwaarden A. E., Goovaerts M. J. Ordering of actuarial risks. Brussels: Caire; 1994. 144 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасян В. Б. Новые способы измерения катастрофических финансовых рисков: меры “VaR в степени t” и их вычисление. Финансы: теория и практика. 2020;24(3):92-109. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-3-92-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. B. New ways to measure catastrophic financial risks: “VaR to the power of t” measures and how to calculate them. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2020;24(3):92-109. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-3-92-109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасян В. Б. Новые меры рисков «VaR в степени t» и «ES в степени t» и меры риска искажения. Финансы: теория и практика. 2020;24(6):92-107. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-92-107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. B. New risk measures “VaR to the power of t” and “ES to the power of t” and distortion risk measures. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2020;24(6):92-107. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-6-92-107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaas R., Goovaerts M. J., Dhaene J., Denuit M. Modern actuarial risk theory. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001. 381 p. 11. Lehmann E. L. Testing statistical hypotheses. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 1959. 369 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaas R., Goovaerts M. J., Dhaene J., Denuit M. Modern actuarial risk theory. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001. 381 p. 11. Lehmann E. L. Testing statistical hypotheses. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 1959. 369 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marshall A. W., Olkin I., Arnold B. C. Inequalities: Theory of majorization and its applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. 909 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68276-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marshall A. W., Olkin I., Arnold B. C. Inequalities: Theory of majorization and its applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. 909 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68276-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross S. M. Stochastic processes. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc.; 1983. 307 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross S. M. Stochastic processes. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc.; 1983. 307 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denuit M., Dhaene J., Goovaerts M., Kaas R. Actuarial theory for dependent risks: Measures, orders and models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2005. 464 p. DOI: 10.1002/0470016450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denuit M., Dhaene J., Goovaerts M., Kaas R. Actuarial theory for dependent risks: Measures, orders and models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd; 2005. 464 p. DOI: 10.1002/0470016450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минасян В. Б. Модели оценки рисков деятельности компаний, реализующих проекты с НИОКР. Финансы: теория и практика. 2019;23(1):133-146. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-1-133-146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minasyan V. В. Risk assessment models of the companies implementing R&amp;D projects. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2019;23(1):133-146. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-1-133-146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaas R. How to (and how not to) compute stop-loss premiums in practice. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 1993;13(3):241-254. DOI: 10.1016/0167-6687(93)90405-E</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaas R. How to (and how not to) compute stop-loss premiums in practice. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics. 1993;13(3):241-254. DOI: 10.1016/0167-6687(93)90405-E</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doksum K. Starshaped transformations and the power of rank tests. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1969;40(4):1167-1176. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177697493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doksum K. Starshaped transformations and the power of rank tests. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1969;40(4):1167-1176. DOI: 10.1214/aoms/1177697493</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deshpande J. V., Kochar S. C. Dispersive ordering is the same as tail-ordering. Advances in Applied Probability. 1983;15(3):686-687. DOI: 10.2307/1426626</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deshpande J. V., Kochar S. C. Dispersive ordering is the same as tail-ordering. Advances in Applied Probability. 1983;15(3):686-687. DOI: 10.2307/1426626</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartoszewicz J. Dispersive ordering and the total time on test transformation. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1986;4(6):285-288. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(86)90045-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartoszewicz J. Dispersive ordering and the total time on test transformation. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1986;4(6):285-288. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(86)90045-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartoszewicz J. Stochastic order relations and the total time on test transform. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1995;22(2):103-110. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(94)00055-d</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartoszewicz J. Stochastic order relations and the total time on test transform. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1995;22(2):103-110. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(94)00055-d</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz̀-Pérez J. Dispersive ordering by the spread function. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1990;10(5):407- 410. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(90)90021-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz̀-Pérez J. Dispersive ordering by the spread function. Statistics &amp; Probability Letters. 1990;10(5):407- 410. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7152(90)90021-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landsberger M., Meilijson I. The generating process and an extension of Jewitt’s location independent risk concept. Management Science. 1994;40(5):662-669. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.40.5.662</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landsberger M., Meilijson I. The generating process and an extension of Jewitt’s location independent risk concept. Management Science. 1994;40(5):662-669. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.40.5.662</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landsberger M., Meilijson I. Co-monotone allocations, Bickel-Lehmann dispersion and the Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion. Annals of Operations Research.1994;52(2):97-106. DOI: 10.1007/BF02033185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landsberger M., Meilijson I. Co-monotone allocations, Bickel-Lehmann dispersion and the Arrow-Pratt measure of risk aversion. Annals of Operations Research.1994;52(2):97-106. DOI: 10.1007/BF02033185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klugman S. A., Panjer H. H., Willmot G. E. Loss models: From data to decisions. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 1998. 553 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klugman S. A., Panjer H. H., Willmot G. E. Loss models: From data to decisions. New York, NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 1998. 553 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
