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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-4-113-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЛОГОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TAX POlICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние государственной политики на изменение ставок НДС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Government Policy Impact on the Development of the VAT Rates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-4145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самудра</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samudra</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азхари Азиз Самудра — PhD, профессор</p><p>Джакарта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azhari Aziz Samudra — PhD, Prof., Doctoral Program in Public Policy</p><p>Jakarta</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azhariazis.samudra@umj.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мухаммадия</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самудра А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самудра А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samudra A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4556">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4556</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что правительство Индонезии планировало в начале 2025 г. повысить ставку НДС с 11 до 12%, и эта тема стала одной из самых обсуждаемых. Цель данного исследования — предложить наилучшие альтернативные варианты политики, выработав комплексные решения. В работе применялись методы системной динамики. Использовалась имитационная модель, сочетающая качественные и количественные подходы. Моделирование проводилось с помощью программного обеспечения Power-sim. Рассмотрены три сценария: пессимистичный, умеренный и оптимистичный. В исследовании применяются шесть основных и три дополнительные переменные. Результаты показывают, что при пессимистичном сценарии моделирования повышение ставки НДС снизит покупательную способность населения и приведет к уклонению от уплаты налогов. При умеренном сценарии моделирования экономические условия будут сбалансированными, но в будущем это приведет к снижению потенциального объема налоговых поступлений и уклонению от уплаты налогов. При оптимистичном сценарии снижение ставки НДС уменьшит налоговое бремя, увеличит потенциальную покупательную способность населения, повысит экспорт и сократит импорт, снизив уровень уклонения от уплаты налогов и увеличив налоговый потенциал. Сделан вывод, что из трех сценариев лучше всего использовать оптимистичный, поскольку он благоприятно скажется на общей экономической ситуации. Авторы исследования рекомендуют правительству снизить коэффициент уклонения от уплаты налогов и упростить цепочку поставок, поскольку ее сложность приводит к увеличению затрат.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the research topic is due to the Indonesian government’s policy plan which will increase the VAT rate from 11% to 12% in early 2025, and has become a hot topic. The aim of this research is to provide the best alternative policy options by providing comprehensive solutions. The research method uses a system dynamics simulation model, employing qualitative and quantitative approaches facilitated by Powersim constructor software by considering three scenarios: pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic. This study uses six main variables and three additional variables. The research results reveal that, in a pessimistic simulation scenario, an increase in the VAT rate will reduce people’s purchasing power and increase tax avoidance. In a moderate scenario simulation, there will be a balance in economic conditions, but in the future, this will reduce the potential for taxes and increase tax avoidance. In an optimistic scenario, reducing the VAT rate will reduce the tax burden, increase potential tax purchasing power, increase exports, and reduce imports, while decreasing tax avoidance and increase tax potential. This research concludes that, of the three scenarios, the best choice is to use the optimistic scenario because it will benefit overall economic conditions. It recommends that the government should reduce the tax avoidance ratio and simplify the supply chain, as supply chain complexity contributes to increased costs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственная политика</kwd><kwd>налоговая политика</kwd><kwd>ставка НДС</kwd><kwd>динамическая система</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>уклонение от уплаты налогов</kwd><kwd>налоговая лазейка</kwd><kwd>снижение налогов</kwd><kwd>Индонезия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>government policy</kwd><kwd>tax policy</kwd><kwd>VAT rate</kwd><kwd>dynamic system</kwd><kwd>simulation</kwd><kwd>tax avoidance</kwd><kwd>tax evasion</kwd><kwd>tax gap</kwd><kwd>Indonesia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poplawski-Ribeiro M., Yoo J., Haver V., et al. 2023 Global debt monitor. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund; 2023. 9 p. 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