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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2026-30-5-64-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-4708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ФИНАНСОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF FINANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Об основных этапах развития страхования профессиональной ответственности врачей в США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Major Milestones in the Development of Medical  Malpractice Insurance in the united States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7792-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салыкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salykin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Салыкин —  независимый исследователь</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Salykin </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salykin@mail.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салыкин А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салыкин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salykin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4708">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/4708</self-uri><abstract><p>Страхование гражданской ответственности медицинских организаций и медицинских работников при осуществлении профессиональной деятельности в России в настоящее время развивается как добровольный вид страхования. При этом, несмотря на актуальность вопроса поиска оптимальных путей решения конфликтов «врач-пациент» и необходимости защиты имущественных интересов профессионального медицинского сообщества в случае получения требований от пациентов, таким страхованием сегодня в нашей стране охвачена относительно небольшая часть медицинских организаций и врачей. В то же время в большинстве развитых стран мира данный вид страхования, независимо от того, в каком виде он существует на национальном уровне (как обязательное, вмененное или добровольное страхование), широко используется для урегулирования требований и исков, связанных с врачебными ошибками. Целью данного исследования является изучение истории развития рынка страхования профессиональной ответственности врачей в Соединенных Штатах Америки, выявление институциональных и законодательных инициатив, которые применялись для стабилизации рынка данного вида страхования в период кризисов. Методологической основой работы являются экономическо-статистические методы обработки информации, в том числе с использованием статистической информации Национального банка данных о практикующих врачах (National Practitioner Data Bank). В результате исследования рассмотрены три кризиса страхования профессиональной ответственности врачей, которые произошли на американском рынке за последние 50 лет, причины, их побудившие, и методы, которые использовались для их преодоления. На основании статистических данных Национального банка о практикующих врачах проанализировано современное состояние американского рынка данного вида страхования. Проанализировано текущее положение дел на российском рынке страхования гражданской ответственности медицинских организаций и медицинских работников, проведено сравнение основных институциональных и законодательных различий между американским и отечественным рынками на современном этапе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Civil liability insurance for medical organizations and healthcare professionals in Russia is currently developing as a voluntary type of insurance. However, despite the importance of finding effective ways to resolve “doctor-patient” conflicts and the need to protect the interests of medical professionals in case of claims from patients, insurance currently only covers a small number of medical organizations and doctors in our country. At the same time, in most developed countries, this type of insurance is widely used to settle claims and lawsuits related to medical malpractice, regardless of the form it takes at the national level, such as compulsory, imputed, or voluntary insurance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the history of the medical malpractice liability insurance market in the United States, with a focus on identifying institutional and legislative measures that were implemented to stabilize the market during times of crises. The methodological basis for the work is the use of economic and statistical methods for information processing, including the use of statistical information from the National Practitioner Data Bank. The study examines the three crises of professional liability insurance for physicians that have occurred in the American market over the past 50 years, the reasons that prompted them, and the methods used to overcome them. Based on statistical data provided by the National Database of Practicing Physicians, the current state of the American market for this type of insurance has been analyzed. The current state of affairs in the Russian civil liability insurance market for medical organizations and healthcare professionals has been analyzed. Also, comparisons of main institutional and legislative distinctions between the American and domestic markets at the present stage have been made.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история развития американского рынка страхования</kwd><kwd>профессиональная ответственность</kwd><kwd>страхование профессиональной ответственности врачей</kwd><kwd>ответственность за причинение вреда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the history of the development of the American insurance market</kwd><kwd>professional liability</kwd><kwd>professional liability insurance for doctors</kwd><kwd>liability for causing harm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грищенко Н. Б. Страхование профессиональной ответственности медицинских работников в США: тенденции и проблемы. Финансы и кредит. 2004;(4):68-71. 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