<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-1-147-164</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-825</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Манипулирование прибылью российскими компаниями при первичном размещении акций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Earnings Management by Russian Сompanies at the Initial Public Offering</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Дмитриевич Никулин — кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры финансов и учета Института «Высшая школа менеджмента»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor D. Nikulin — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor at the Department of Finance and Accounting</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikulin@gsom.pu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6075-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Андреевич Свиридов — студент 1-го курса магистратуры Института «Высшая школа менеджмента»</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Sviridov — 1st year master student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">st039868@student.spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт «Высшая школа менеджмента»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State university, Graduate School of Management Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никулин Е.Д., Свиридов А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никулин Е.Д., Свиридов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikulin E.D., Sviridov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/825">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/825</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с манипулированием прибылью (earnings management) российскими компаниями при осуществлении ими первичного размещения акций (initial public offering, далее IPO). Возможность манипулирования прибылью изначально заложена в учетные стандарты, которые допускают наличие различных учетных альтернатив. На практике манипулирование прибылью может иметь не только легальный, но и нелегальный (мошеннический) характер. Нелегальное манипулирование может приводить, в том числе, и к банкротству компаний. Учитывая возможные негативные последствия, которые может иметь манипулирование прибылью, как для самой компании, так и для ее контрагентов, представляется необходимым проводить анализ того, в каких ситуациях и с помощью каких инструментов компании склонны манипулировать прибылью. Увеличение привлеченного в компанию капитала по результатам IPO традиционно рассматривается как один из наиболее распространенных мотивов организации для манипулирования прибылью. Несмотря на то что данная проблема активно изучалась зарубежными исследователями (прежде всего, на развитых рынках), по российским компаниям подобные исследования практически отсутствуют, что обусловливает актуальность настоящей работы. Целью статьи является определение учетных инструментов манипулирования прибылью российскими компаниями при первичном размещении акций. В работе исследовалась выборка, состоящая из 66 российских компаний, осуществивших IPO на российских торговых площадках в период с 2004 по 2016 г. В целях анализа для каждой из этих компаний была подобрана компания-аналог, которая не осуществляла IPO в соответствующий год. Для сбора необходимой информации использовались базы данных СКРИН, Thomson Reuters, Prequeca, Zephyr. Использовались корреляционно-регрессионный анализ и статистические тесты сравнения средних. Результаты исследования показывают, что российские компании осуществляют манипулирование прибылью в год выхода на IPO. Компании, выходящие на IPO, демонстрируют более высокие значения абнормальной дебиторской задолженности и запасов по сравнению с компаниями-аналогами, не осуществлявшими IPO в том же году. Данный результат свидетельствует о намерении компаний, размещающих акции, завысить свою прибыль. В работе также показано, что уровень манипулирования прибылью при IPO обратно взаимосвязан с последующей доходностью акций компании как на трехлетнем, так и на пятилетнем промежутках. Результаты исследования имеют значение для широкого круга внешних пользователей учетной информации компании. В частности, потенциальные инвесторы могут учитывать результаты работы при анализе компаний, акции которых они собираются приобретать, а государственные органы могут использовать соответствующие результаты для анализа целесообразности внесения изменений в учетные стандарты, а также в законодательство, регулирующее размещение ценных бумаг компаниями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discloses the issues related to the manipulation of earnings (earnings management) by Russian companies at the initial public offering (the initial public offering, hereinafter IPO). The ability to manage earnings is initially embedded in accounting standards that allow various accounting alternatives. The earnings management virtually can be not only legal, but also illegal (fraudulent). Illegal earnings management can also lead to bankruptcy. Considering possible negative effect for both the company and its counterparties, it should be analyzed when the earnings management is used and by what means. The increase in capital attracted to a company as a result of IPO is traditionally regarded as one of the most common reasons for the earnings management. The issue has been actively studied by foreign researchers (primarily in developed markets) while Russian companies basically lack such studies. This fact makes the current work relevant. The objective of the article is to determine the accounting tools for the earnings management in Russian companies at the initial public offering. The research has used a sample of 66 Russian companies that carried out IPOs on Russian trading ﬂoors from 2004 to 2016. For the analysis, a peer company which did not make an IPO in the corresponding year was selected for each of these companies. The necessary information has been collected from the SKRIN, Thomson Reuters, Prequeca and Zephyr databases. Correlation and regression analysis and mean-comparison statistical tests have been used. According to the study results, Russian companies manage earnings in the year of their IPO. In the same year, the IPO companies show higher values of abnormal receivables and inventories compared to the peers which did not make an IPO. This result indicates the intention of the companies offering the shares to inﬂate their profts. The article also shows that the earnings management level of IPO frms is inversely related to the subsequent proftability of the company’s shares both within three-year and fve-year periods. The research results are signifcant for a wide range of external users of the company’s accounting information. In particular, potential investors can consider the results while analyzing the frms whose shares they intend to buy at the IPO. Government bodies can use the relevant results to analyze the feasibility of changes in accounting standards, as well as in the legislation regulating the placement of securities by companies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>манипулирование прибылью</kwd><kwd>российские компании</kwd><kwd>первичные размещения акций</kwd><kwd>абнормальная доходность</kwd><kwd>доходность акций компании</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>earnings management</kwd><kwd>Russian companies</kwd><kwd>initial public offerings</kwd><kwd>abnormal returns</kwd><kwd>company stock returns</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schipper K. Commentary on Earnings Management. Accounting Horizons. 1989;3(4):91–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schipper K. Commentary on Earnings Management. Accounting Horizons. 1989;3(4):91–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянова А. Е., Никулин Е. Д., Зинченко А.А. Прогнозирование уровня манипулирования прибылью компании. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Менеджмент. 2016;(2):35–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loukianova A. E., Nikulin E. D., Zinchenko A. A. Forecasting the level of company’s earnings manipulation. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Menedzhment = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management Series. 2016;(2):35–61. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dechow P. M., Skinner D. J. Earnings management: Reconciling the views of accounting academics, practitioners, and regulators. Accounting Horizons. 2000;14(2):235–250. DOI: 10.2308/acch.2000.14.2.235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dechow P. M., Skinner D. J. Earnings management: Reconciling the views of accounting academics, practitioners, and regulators. Accounting Horizons. 2000;14(2):235–250. DOI: 10.2308/acch.2000.14.2.235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enomoto M., Kimura F., Yamaguchi T. Accrual-based and real earnings management: An international comparison for investor protection. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics. 2015;11(3):183– 198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcae.2015.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enomoto M., Kimura F., Yamaguchi T. Accrual-based and real earnings management: An international comparison for investor protection. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics. 2015;11(3):183– 198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcae.2015.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McNichols M., Wilson G. P. Evidence of earnings management from the provision for bad debts. Journal of Accounting Research. 1988;26(3):88–101. DOI: DOI: 10.2307/2491176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McNichols M., Wilson G. P. Evidence of earnings management from the provision for bad debts. Journal of Accounting Research. 1988;26(3):88–101. DOI: DOI: 10.2307/2491176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markarian G., Pozza L., Prencipe A. Capitalization of R&amp;D costs and earnings management: Evidence from Italian listed companies. The International Journal of Accounting. 2008;43(3):246–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.intacc.2008.06.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markarian G., Pozza L., Prencipe A. Capitalization of R&amp;D costs and earnings management: Evidence from Italian listed companies. The International Journal of Accounting. 2008;43(3):246–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.intacc.2008.06.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X., Yu Y. Impact in earnings management on fair value measurement based on electric power industry. International Business Research. 2013;6(8):49–54. DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v6n8p49</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X., Yu Y. Impact in earnings management on fair value measurement based on electric power industry. International Business Research. 2013;6(8):49–54. DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v6n8p49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукашов А. В., Могин А. Е. IPO от I до O: Пособие для финансовых директоров и инвестиционных аналитиков. М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс; 2008. 370 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukashov A.V., Mogin A. E. IPO from I to O: A textbook for financial directors and investment analysts. Мoscow: Alpina Business Books; 2008. 370 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DuCharme L., Malatesta P.H., Sefcik S E. Earnings management: IPO valuation and subsequent performance. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance. 2001;16(4):369–396. DOI: 10.1177/0148558X0101600409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DuCharme L., Malatesta P.H., Sefcik S E. Earnings management: IPO valuation and subsequent performance. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance. 2001;16(4):369–396. DOI: 10.1177/0148558X0101600409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedlan J.M. Accounting choices of issuers of initial public offerings. Contemporary Accounting Research. 1994;11(1):1–31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1911–3846.1994.tb00434.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedlan J.M. Accounting choices of issuers of initial public offerings. Contemporary Accounting Research. 1994;11(1):1–31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1911–3846.1994.tb00434.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teoh S. H., Welch I., Wong T. J. Earnings management and the long-run market underperformance of initial public offerings. The Journal of Finance. 1998;53(6):1935–1974. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.00079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teoh S. H., Welch I., Wong T. J. Earnings management and the long-run market underperformance of initial public offerings. The Journal of Finance. 1998;53(6):1935–1974. DOI: 10.1111/0022–1082.00079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Premti A. Earnings management prior to initial public offerings and its effect on firm performance: International evidence. International Journal of Financial Research. 2013;4(3):10–24. DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v4n3p10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Premti A. Earnings management prior to initial public offerings and its effect on firm performance: International evidence. International Journal of Financial Research. 2013;4(3):10–24. DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v4n3p10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C.-J., Lin C.-G. Earnings management in IPO lockup and insider trading. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2007;43(5):78–91. DOI: 2753/REE1540–496X430505</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C.-J., Lin C.-G. Earnings management in IPO lockup and insider trading. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade. 2007;43(5):78–91. DOI: 2753/REE1540–496X430505</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson S. B., Wilcox W. E., Strong J. M. Do initial public offering firms understate the allowance for bad debts? Advances in Accounting. 2002;19:89–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson S. B., Wilcox W. E., Strong J. M. Do initial public offering firms understate the allowance for bad debts? Advances in Accounting. 2002;19:89–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marquardt C. A., Wiedman C. I. How are earnings managed? An examination of specific accruals. Contemporary Accounting Research. 2004;21(2):461–491. DOI: 10.1506/G4YR-43K8-LGG2-F0XK</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marquardt C. A., Wiedman C. I. How are earnings managed? An examination of specific accruals. Contemporary Accounting Research. 2004;21(2):461–491. DOI: 10.1506/G4YR-43K8-LGG2-F0XK</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darrough M., Rangan S. Do insiders manipulate earnings when they sell their share in an initial public offering? Journal of Accounting Research. 2005;43(1):1–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475–679x.2004.00161.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darrough M., Rangan S. Do insiders manipulate earnings when they sell their share in an initial public offering? Journal of Accounting Research. 2005;43(1):1–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475–679x.2004.00161.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedyk T., Khimich N. R&amp;D investment decisions of IPO firms and long-term future performance. Review of Accounting &amp; Finance. 2018;17(1):78–108. DOI: 10.1108/RAF-09–2016–0147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedyk T., Khimich N. R&amp;D investment decisions of IPO firms and long-term future performance. Review of Accounting &amp; Finance. 2018;17(1):78–108. DOI: 10.1108/RAF-09–2016–0147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritter J. R. The long-run performance of initial public offerings. The Journal of Finance. 1991;46(1):3–27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1991.tb03743.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritter J. R. The long-run performance of initial public offerings. The Journal of Finance. 1991;46(1):3–27. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1991.tb03743.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loughran T., Ritter J. R. The new issues puzzle. The Journal of Finance. 1995;50(1):23–51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1995.tb05166.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loughran T., Ritter J. R. The new issues puzzle. The Journal of Finance. 1995;50(1):23–51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1995.tb05166.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков Д. Л., Никулин Е. Д. Управление прибылью в деятельности компании: теоретические подходы и эмпирические исследования. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Менеджмент. 2013;(3):3–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov D.L., Nikulin E.D. Earnings management in company’s performance: Theoretical approaches and empirical studies. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Menedzhment = Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management Series. 2013;(3):3–22. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson N. So what changed? The 1998 financial crisis and Russia’s economic and political development. Демократизация. 2007;15(2):245–259. DOI: 10.3200/DEMO.15.2.245–260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson N. So what changed? The 1998 financial crisis and Russia’s economic and political development. Demokratizatsiya. 2007;15(2):245–259. DOI: 10.3200/DEMO.15.2.245–260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козырь Н. С., Коваленко В. С. Метрика отраслевой классификации в Российской Федерации и за рубежом. Экономический анализ: теория и практика. 2017;16(10):1914–1927. DOI: 10.24891/ea.16.10.1914</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozyr’ N.S., Kovalenko V. S. Performance metrics of industrial classification in the Russian Federation and abroad. Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriya i praktika = Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice. 2017;16(10):1914–1927. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24891/ea.16.10.1914</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zang A. Y. Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. The Accounting Review. 2012;87(2):675–703. DOI: 10.2308/accr-10196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zang A. Y. Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. The Accounting Review. 2012;87(2):675–703. DOI: 10.2308/accr-10196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collins D. W., Hribar P. Earnings-based and accrual-based market anomalies: One effect or two? Journal of Accounting and Economics. 2000;29(1):101–123. DOI: 10.1016/S0165–4101(00)00015-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collins D. W., Hribar P. Earnings-based and accrual-based market anomalies: One effect or two? Journal of Accounting and Economics. 2000;29(1):101–123. DOI: 10.1016/S0165–4101(00)00015-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell M. L., Stafford E. Managerial decisions and long-term stock price performance. Journal of Business. 2000;73(3):287–329. DOI: 10.1086/209645</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell M. L., Stafford E. Managerial decisions and long-term stock price performance. Journal of Business. 2000;73(3):287–329. DOI: 10.1086/209645</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roosenboom P., Van der Goot T., Mertens G. Earnings management and initial public offerings: Evidence from Netherlands. The International Journal of Accounting. 2003;38(3):243–266. DOI: 10.1016/S0020–7063(03)00048–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roosenboom P., Van der Goot T., Mertens G. Earnings management and initial public offerings: Evidence from Netherlands. The International Journal of Accounting. 2003;38(3):243–266. DOI: 10.1016/S0020–7063(03)00048–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feroz E. H., Park K., Pastena V. S. The financial and market effects of the SEC’s accounting and auditing enforcement releases. Journal of Accounting Research. 1991;29:107–142. DOI: 10.2307/2491006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feroz E. H., Park K., Pastena V. S. The financial and market effects of the SEC’s accounting and auditing enforcement releases. Journal of Accounting Research. 1991;29:107–142. DOI: 10.2307/2491006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
