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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-4-80-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL FINANCIAL ASSETS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Центробанковские цифровые валюты:  ключевые характеристики и направления влияния  на денежно-кредитную и платежную системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Central bank Digital Currencies: Key Characteristics and Directions of Influence on Monetary and Credit and Payment Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-1967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Анатольевич Кочергин —  доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры теории кредита и финансового менеджмента экономического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Kochergin —  Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Department of Credit Theory and Financial Management</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kda2001@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-1306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янгирова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yangirova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алсу Ильшатовна Янгирова —  аспирант кафедры теории кредита и финансового менеджмента экономического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alsu I. Yangirova —  Postgraduate Student, Department of Credit Theory and Financial Management</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alsu-rf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочергин Д.А., Янгирова А.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочергин Д.А., Янгирова А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochergin D.A., Yangirova A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/889">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/889</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию перспектив выпуска центральными банками цифровых валют как новой формы центробанковских денег и потенциалу их влияния на денежно-кредитную систему. Цель статьи состоит в интерпретации цифровых валют и их классификации, выявлении ключевых характеристик цифровых валют и определении возможных моделей их выпуска, а также определении основных направлений влияния цифровых валют на денежно-кредитную и платежную системы. Научная новизна статьи выражается в систематизации и сопоставлении разных представлений о реализации суверенных цифровых валют с учетом использования технологий распределенных реестров. В рамках исследования проанализированы проекты центральных банков по эмиссии цифровых валют и выявлены их особенности. Определены возможные направления влияния центробанковских цифровых валют на денежно-кредитную политику ЦБ и деятельность кредитных институтов. Выявлено, что центробанковские цифровые валюты могут рассматриваться в качестве новой формы денег ЦБ, которая может выпускаться с целью использования как в розничных, так и в оптовых платежах. Цифровые валюты могут отличаться по ряду характеристик, ключевыми из которых являются: способ интеграции в денежно-кредитную систему; технология эмиссии; способ хранения валюты; механизм осуществления взаиморасчетов и степень анонимности. Как показало исследование, главные стимулы введения в обращение цифровых валют состоят в возможности предоставления альтернативного и универсально доступного законного средства платежа, а также обеспечении более быстрых, прозрачных и дешевых внутристрановых и трансграничных расчетов. Влияние цифровых валют на денежно-кредитную систему и денежно-кредитную политику ЦБ в значительной степени будет зависеть от сценария их системной интеграции. В случае простой замены наличных денег в обращении цифровыми валютами эффект на денежно-кредитную систему и политику ЦБ не будет значительным. Однако если центробанковские цифровые валюты будут выпускаться как дополнение к наличным деньгам или иметь параллельное с ними обращение, они способны усилить трансмиссионный механизм денежно-кредитной политики и повысить централизацию активов на балансе ЦБ, а также снизить объемы фондирования, предоставляемых кредитными институтами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of prospects for digital currency issue by central banks as a new form of central bank money and to the potential of their influence on monetary and credit system. The aim of the article is to interpret and classify central bank digital currencies, to identify key characteristics of digital currencies and possible models of their issue, as well as to define the main directions of influence of digital currencies on the monetary and credit and payment systems. The scientific novelty of the article is in the systematization and comparison of different ideas about the implementation of sovereign digital currencies considering the use of distributed registry technologies. The study analyzed the projects of central banks on the issue of digital currencies and identified their features. Possible directions of influence of central bank digital currencies on the monetary and credit policy of the Central Bank and the activities of credit institutions were determined. It revealed that central bank digital currencies can be considered as a new form of money of the Central Bank, which can be issued to be used both in retail and in wholesale payments. Digital currencies may differ in some characteristics. The key ones are: a way to integrate into the monetary and credit system; emission technology; currency storage method; mechanism of mutual settlements and anonymity level. The study showed that the main incentives for introducing digital currencies are the possibility to provide an alternative and universally accessible legal means of payment, as well as to provide faster, more transparent and cheaper in-country and cross-border payments. The influence of digital currencies on the monetary and credit system and the monetary and credit policy of the Central Bank will largely depend on the scenario of their system integration. If cash is simply replaced in circulation by digital currencies, the effect on the Central Bank monetary and credit system and policy will not be significant. However, if central bank digital currencies are issued as an addition to cash, or are in parallel circulation, they can strengthen the transmission mechanism of the monetary and credit policy and increase the centralization of assets on the Central Bank balance sheet, as well as reduce the funding provided by credit institutions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровые валюты центральных банков</kwd><kwd>эмиссия цифровых валют</kwd><kwd>распределенные реестры</kwd><kwd>денежно-кредитная система</kwd><kwd>формы денег</kwd><kwd>платежная система</kwd><kwd>электронные деньги</kwd><kwd>криптовалюты</kwd><kwd>розничные платежи</kwd><kwd>оптовые платежи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital currencies of central banks (CBDC)</kwd><kwd>issue of digital currencies</kwd><kwd>distributed ledger</kwd><kwd>monetary and credit system</kwd><kwd>forms of money</kwd><kwd>payment system</kwd><kwd>electronic money</kwd><kwd>cryptocurrencies</kwd><kwd>retail payments</kwd><kwd>wholesale payments</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочергин Д. 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