<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-4-99-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-890</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПУБЛИКАЦИИ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLICATIONS OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация инвестиционного портфеля на российском фондовом рынке в контексте поведенческой теории</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investment Portfolio Optimization on Russian Stock Market in Context of behavioral theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-284X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Редькин</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Red’kin</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Михайлович Редькин —  аспирант кафедры финансов, денежного обращения и кредита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita M. Red’kin —  Postgraduate Student, Department of Finance, Money Circulation and Credit</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nik_rk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Tyumen</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Редькин Н.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Редькин Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Red’kin N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/890">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/890</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследуется возможность оптимизации инвестиционного портфеля с учетом поведенческих ошибок. Актуальность темы обусловлена необходимостью адаптации инвестиционных рекомендаций на российском фондовом рынке для неквалифицированных инвесторов. В экономической литературе недостаточно подробно изложены последствия поведенческих эффектов при выборе портфеля из российских ценных бумаг. Целью статьи является построение наиболее оптимального варианта портфеля по соотношению риска и доходности. В работе высказана гипотеза о применении различных периодов анализа доходности для улучшения показателей доходности и увеличения субъективной вероятности ее достижения. При составлении модели портфеля использовалась поведенческая портфельная теория и ее оптимизация посредством линейного программирования. Исследование проводилось на основе моделирования инвестиционного портфеля из наиболее ликвидных акций на российском фондовом рынке. В качестве показателей доходности и вероятности использовались модифицированные элементы кумулятивной теории перспектив с применением поведенческих коэффициентов. В качестве инструмента оптимизации было предложено использовать модель полугодового анализа портфеля. Пересмотр инвестором раз в полгода доходности портфеля привел к наилучшему итоговому показателю его эффективности. При данном среднесрочном периоде оценки доходности портфеля уменьшается влияние поведенческих факторов при максимизации доходности с умеренно-высоким риском. Результат исследования согласуется с основами поведенческой экономики в виде теории перспектив в области избегания риска и потерь. Кроме того, фактор частоты обращения к информации и степень наивной диверсификации портфеля при высокой доходности являются перспективными направлениями развития исследования в области поведенческих финансов. Однако дискуссионным остается вопрос об использовании конкретных ориентиров для определения инвестором объективной вероятности достижения ожидаемого уровня доходности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper investigates possible investment portfolio optimization considering behavioral errors. The research rationale is due to the adaption of the investment recommendations for unqualified investors on the Russian stock market. In economic literature, the consequences of behavioral effects are not detailed enough when making a portfolio of Russian securities. The aim of the article is to make the most optimal portfolio based on the risk/reward ratio. The author made a hypothesis on applying various periods of profitability analysis to improve profitability indicators and increase the subjective probability of its achievement. To build a portfolio model, the behavioral portfolio theory and its optimization through linear programming were used. The study was based on modeling the investment portfolio of the most liquid stocks on the Russian stock market. Modified elements of the cumulative prospect theory with behavioral coefficients were used as indicators of profitability and probability. Based on the analysis results, the model of semi-annual portfolio analysis was proposed as a tool for portfolio optimization. The investor review of the portfolio semi-annual rate of profitability led to its best final index of effectiveness. In the medium-term assessment of portfolio profitability, the influence of behavioral factors decreases while maximizing returns with medium high risk. The research result is consistent with the basics of behavioral economics as the prospect theory regarding risk and loss aversion. Moreover, the factor of frequency of access to information and the degree of naive portfolio diversification with high profitability are promising areas for the development of research in behavioral finance. However, determining by the investor the objective probability to achieve the expected return level by using specific benchmarks is controversial.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поведенческие финансы</kwd><kwd>портфельная поведенческая теория</kwd><kwd>оптимизация портфеля</kwd><kwd>кумулятивная теория перспектив</kwd><kwd>портфель акций</kwd><kwd>российский фондовый рынок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>behavioral finance</kwd><kwd>behavioral portfolio theory</kwd><kwd>portfolio optimization</kwd><kwd>cumulative prospect theory</kwd><kwd>stocks portfolio</kwd><kwd>Russian stock market</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markowitz H. Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance.1952;7(1):77–91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1952.tb01525.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markowitz H. Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance.1952;7(1):77–91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6261.1952. tb01525.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. G., Legg S. Dynamic portfolio choice and asset pricing with narrow framing and probability weighting. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2012;36(7):951–972. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.01.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. G., Legg S. Dynamic portfolio choice and asset pricing with narrow framing and probability weighting. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2012;36(7):951–972. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.01.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shefrin H., Statman M. Behavioral portfolio theory. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2000;35(2):127–151. DOI: 10.2307/2676187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shefrin H., Statman M. Behavioral portfolio theory. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2000;35(2):127–151. DOI: 10.2307/2676187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. G., Mahmoud O. Naive diversification preferences and their representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2864231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. G., Mahmoud O. Naive diversification preferences and their representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2864231</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahneman D., Tversky A. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979;47(2):263– 292. DOI: 10.2307/1914185</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman D., Tversky A. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica. 1979;47(2):263– 292. DOI: 10.2307/1914185</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tversky A., Kahneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science. 1981;211(4481):453– 458. DOI: 10.1126/science.7455683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tversky A., Kahneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science. 1981;211(4481):453– 458. DOI: 10.1126/science.7455683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Rational choice and the framing of decisions. The Journal of Business. 1986;59(4):251–278. DOI: 10.1007/978–3–642–74919–3_4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Rational choice and the framing of decisions. The Journal of Business. 1986;59(4):251–278. DOI: 10.1007/978–3–642–74919–3_4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 1992;5(4):297–323. DOI: 10.1007/BF00122574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 1992;5(4):297–323. DOI: 10.1007/BF00122574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams J. B. The theory of investment value. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1938. 613 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams J. B. The theory of investment value. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1938. 613 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thaler R. Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science. 1985;4(3):199–214. DOI: 10.1287/ mksc.1070.0330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thaler R. Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science. 1985;4(3):199–214. DOI: 10.1287/ mksc.1070.0330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopes L. L. Between hope and fear: The psychology of risk. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1987;20:255–295. DOI: 10.1016/S 0065–2601(08)60416–5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopes L. L. Between hope and fear: The psychology of risk. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1987;20:255–295. DOI: 10.1016/S 0065–2601(08)60416–5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shefrin H., Statman M. Behavioral aspects of the design and marketing of financial products. Financial Management.1993;22(2):123–134. DOI: 10.2307/3665864</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shefrin H., Statman M. Behavioral aspects of the design and marketing of financial products. Financial Management.1993;22(2):123–134. DOI: 10.2307/3665864</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shefrin H., Statman M. Explaining investor preference for cash dividends. Journal of Financial Economics. 1984;13(2):253–282. DOI: 10.1016/0304–405X(84)90025–4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shefrin H., Statman M. Explaining investor preference for cash dividends. Journal of Financial Economics. 1984;13(2):253–282. DOI: 10.1016/0304–405X(84)90025–4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakonishok J., Lee I., Pearson N., Poteshman A. Option market activity. The Review of Financial Studies. 2007;20(3):813–857. DOI: 10.1093/rfs/hhl025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakonishok J., Lee I., Pearson N., Poteshman A. Option market activity. The Review of Financial Studies. 2007;20(3):813–857. DOI: 10.1093/rfs/hhl025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poteshman A., Serbin V. Clearly irrational financial market behavior: Evidence from the early exercise of exchange traded stock options. The Journal of Finance. 2003;58(1):37–70. DOI: 10.1111/1540–6261.00518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poteshman A., Serbin V. Clearly irrational financial market behavior: Evidence from the early exercise of exchange traded stock options. The Journal of Finance. 2003;58(1):37–70. DOI: 10.1111/1540–6261.00518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McConnell J., Schwartz E. The origin of LYONs: A case study in financial innovation. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. 1992;4(4):40–47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745–6622.1992.tb00216.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McConnell J., Schwartz E. The origin of LYONs: A case study in financial innovation. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. 1992;4(4):40–47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745–6622.1992.tb00216.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S. R., Statman M. Options and structured products in behavioral portfolios. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2013;37(1):137–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S. R., Statman M. Options and structured products in behavioral portfolios. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2013;37(1):137–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S. R., Markowitz H., Scheid J., Statman M. Portfolio optimization with mental accounts. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2010;45(2):311–334. DOI: 10.1017/S 0022109010000141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S. R., Markowitz H., Scheid J., Statman M. Portfolio optimization with mental accounts. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2010;45(2):311–334. DOI: 10.1017/S 0022109010000141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S. R., Ostrov D. N., Radhakrishnan A., Srivastav D. A new approach to goals-based wealth management. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2018. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3117765</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S. R., Ostrov D. N., Radhakrishnan A., Srivastav D. A new approach to goals-based wealth management. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2018. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3117765</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. G., Hens T. Prospect theory and mean-variance analysis: Does it make a difference in wealth management? Investment Management and Financial Innovations. 2009;6(1):122–129. DOI: 10.5167/uzh-50736</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. G., Hens T. Prospect theory and mean-variance analysis: Does it make a difference in wealth management? Investment Management and Financial Innovations. 2009;6(1):122–129. DOI: 10.5167/uzh-50736</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. G. Loss aversion with multiple investment goals. Mathematics and Financial Economics. 2011;5(3):203–227. DOI: 10.1007/s11579–011–0057-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. G. Loss aversion with multiple investment goals. Mathematics and Financial Economics. 2011;5(3):203–227. DOI: 10.1007/s11579–011–0057-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barberis N., Huang M. Preferences with frames: A new utility specification that allows for the framing of risks. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2009;33(8):1555–1576. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2009.01.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barberis N., Huang M. Preferences with frames: A new utility specification that allows for the framing of risks. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 2009;33(8):1555–1576. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2009.01.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Giorgi E. G., Mahmoud O. Naive diversification preferences and their representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2864231</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Giorgi E. G., Mahmoud O. Naive diversification preferences and their representation. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2016. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2864231</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеев В. Р. Как участники валютного рынка строят субъективную картину будущего. Вопросы экономики. 2014;(5):66–83. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2014–5–66–83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstigneev V. R. Subjective image of the forthcoming —  How FX market participants construct their prospects on the nearest future. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2014;5:66–83. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2014–5–66–83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ельцов Ю. В. Поведенческие финансы и прогнозирование валютного рынка. Международная экономика. 2010;(12):18–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El’tsov U. V. Behavioral finance and Forex market forecasting. Mezhdunarodnaya ekonomika = The World Economics. 2010;(12):18–29. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеев В. Р. Прогнозирование доходности на рынке акций. М.: Маросейка; 2009. 192 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstigneev V. R. Forecasting returns on the stock market. Мoscow: Maroseika; 2009. 192 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеев В. Р. Моделирование инвестиционных ожиданий на валютном рынке на основе распределения с функциональным параметром. Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт. Финансовый журнал. 2014;(1):25–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evstigneev V. R. Modeling traders’ expectations in the FX market in terms of distributions with a functional parameter. Nauchno-issledovatel’skii finansovyi institut. Finansovyi zhurnal = Financial Research Institute. Financial Journal. 2014;(1):25–34. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горецкая В. А. Поведенческие финансы: применение теории перспектив в управлении финансами. Финансы и кредит. 2014;(4):28–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goretskaya V. А. Behavioral finance: Applying perspective theory to financial management. Finansy i kredit = Finance and Credit. 2014;(4):28–35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иваницкий В. П., Татьянников В. А. Информационная асимметрия на финансовых рынках: Вызовы и угрозы. Экономика региона. 2018;14(4):1156–1167. DOI: 10.17059/2018–4–8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanitskii V. P., Tat’yannikov V. A. Information asymmetry in financial markets: Challenges and threats. Ekonomika regiona = Economy of Region. 2018;14(4):1156–1167. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17059/2018–4–8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1991;106(4):1039–1061. DOI: 10.2307/2937956</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tversky A., Kahneman D. Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1991;106(4):1039–1061. DOI: 10.2307/2937956</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берзон Н. И., Володин С. Н. Оценка финансовых активов по критерию «риск-доходность» с учетом длительности инвестирования. Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2010;14(3):311–325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berzon N. I., Volodin S. N. Evaluation of financial assets by “risk-return” criterion taking into account the duration of the investment. Ekonomicheskii zhurnal Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki = The HSE Economic Journal. 2010;14(3):311–325. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grishina N., Lucas C. A., Date P. Prospect theory-based portfolio optimization: An empirical study and analysis using intelligent algorithms. Quantitative Finance. 2016;17(3):353–367. DOI: 10.1080/14697688.2016.1149611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishina N., Lucas C. A., Date P. Prospect theory-based portfolio optimization: An empirical study and analysis using intelligent algorithms. Quantitative Finance. 2016;17(3):353–367. DOI: 10.1080/14697688.2016.1149611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes M. G. Value and probability. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 2006;28(3):527–538. DOI: 10.2753/ PKE 0160–3477280308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes M. G. Value and probability. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics. 2006;28(3):527–538. DOI: 10.2753/ PKE 0160–3477280308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
