<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">finance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Finance: Theory and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-5671</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7089</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-1-87-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">finance-956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МОНИТОРИНГ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCIAL MONITORING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о предвидении глобальных  финансово-экономических кризисов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the Issue of Predicting Global Financial  and Economic Crises</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-651X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Алексеевич Данилов —  кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Danilov — Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Leading researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ydanilov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-5050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоваров</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Александрович Пивоваров —  научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil A. Pivovarov —  Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-7403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Сергеевич Давыдов —  младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor S. Davydov —  Junior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы (РАНХиГС) при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Данилов Ю.А., Пивоваров Д.А., Давыдов И.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Данилов Ю.А., Пивоваров Д.А., Давыдов И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Danilov Y.A., Pivovarov D.A., Davydov I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/956">https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/view/956</self-uri><abstract><p>Предположения о приближении нового глобального кризиса, все чаще встречающиеся в экспертных дискуссиях, усилили поиски надежных кризисных предикторов, несмотря на существующий теоретический консенсус о принципиальной невозможности прогнозирования кризисов. Цель статьи —  описать наиболее популярные «новые» кризисные предикторы и оценить их предиктивные свойства. Основным методом исследования стал мониторинг подтверждения сигналов, подаваемых предикторами, показателями макроэкономической динамики на основе ретроспективных данных, охватывающих несколько деловых циклов. В результате исследования мы уточнили классификацию типов финансовых кризисов в целях определения предикторов, наилучшим образом предсказывающих те или иные типы финансовых кризисов, которые в современных условиях с большой долей вероятности будут выступать стартовым этапом финансово-экономического кризиса нового типа. Мы проанализировали индексы финансовых условий (FCI); VIX («индекс страха»); спрэды доходностей между казначейскими облигациями США разной срочности; индексы настроений инвесторов и показатели премии за риск; CAPE (коэффициент Шиллера). Провели анализ сигналов, поступавших от «новых» кризисных предикторов, о возможном наступлении кризиса. Сделан вывод, что различные предикторы демонстрируют хорошие результаты по отношению к кризисам определенного типа (стартовой точкой которых были разные сегменты финансового сектора). Анализ времени предикции различных предикторов позволил выстроить их в определенной последовательности в зависимости от промежутка времени, проходящего между сигналом предиктора и началом кризиса. На основе совмещения увязки предикторов с типами кризисов, которые они предсказывают лучше, с последовательностью предикторов, выстроенных в зависимости от времени предикции, мы предложили блок-схему мониторинга внешних кризисных предикторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Assumptions about the impending new global crisis, which are increasingly found in expert discussions, have intensified the search for reliable crisis predictors, despite the existing theoretical consensus on the fundamental impossibility of forecasting crises. The purpose of the article is to describe the most popular “new” crisis predictors and evaluate their predictive properties. The primary research method was monitoring the confirmation of signals supplied by predictors, indicators of macroeconomic dynamics based on retrospective data. As a result of the study, we clarified the classification of types of financial crises to determine the predictors that best predict certain types of financial crises, which in current conditions are very likely to be the starting stage of a new kind of financial and economic crisis. We analysed financial condition indices (FCI); VIX (“fear index”); yield spreads between US treasury bonds of different maturities; investor sentiment indices and risk premium indicators; CAPE (Schiller coefficient). We analysed the signals from the “new” crisis predictors about the possible onset of the crisis. The authors concluded that various predictors show good results concerning crises of a particular type (the starting point of which were different segments of the financial sector). The analysis of the predictor time of various predictors made it possible to build them in a certain sequence depending on the time interval between the predictor signal and the onset of the crisis. Based on combining the linking of predictors with the types of crises that they predict better, with a sequence of predictors arranged according to the time of the predictions, we proposed a flow chart for monitoring external crisis predictors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансово-экономический кризис</kwd><kwd>классификация финансовых кризисов</kwd><kwd>предвидение</kwd><kwd>кризисные предикторы</kwd><kwd>финансовые рынки</kwd><kwd>индекс финансовых условий</kwd><kwd>VIX</kwd><kwd>спреды доходностей</kwd><kwd>премии за риск</kwd><kwd>коэффициент Шиллера</kwd><kwd>время предикции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>financial and economic crisis</kwd><kwd>classification of financial crises</kwd><kwd>foresight</kwd><kwd>crisis predictors</kwd><kwd>financial markets</kwd><kwd>financial conditions index</kwd><kwd>VIX</kwd><kwd>yield spreads</kwd><kwd>risk premiums</kwd><kwd>Schiller coefficient</kwd><kwd>prediction time</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Энтов Р. М. Некоторые проблемы исследования деловых циклов. Финансовый кризис в России и в мире. Гайдар Е. Т., ред. М.: Проспект; 2009:6–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Entov R. M. Some problems of business cycle research. In: Gaidar E. T., ed. The financial crisis in Russia and in the world. Moscow: Prospekt; 2009:6–42. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reinhart C. M., Rogoff K. S. This time is different: Eight centuries of financial folly. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. 512 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reinhart C. M., Rogoff K. S. This time is different: Eight centuries of financial folly. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2009. 512 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gennaioli N., Shleifer A., Vishny R. Neglected risks: The psychology of financial crises. American Economic Review. 2015;105(5):310–314. DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20151091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gennaioli N., Shleifer A., Vishny R. Neglected risks: The psychology of financial crises. American Economic Review. 2015;105(5):310–314. DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20151091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shleifer A. The transformation of finance. Presentation. January 2011. American Finance Association. URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/shleifer/files/transformation_of_finance_afa_jan2011.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shleifer A. The transformation of finance. Presentation. January 2011. American Finance Association. URL: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/shleifer/files/transformation_of_finance_afa_jan2011.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цветков В. А. Циклы и кризисы: теоретико-методологический аспект. М., СПб: Нестор-История; 2012. 504 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov V. A. Cycles and crises: Theoretical and methodological aspect. Moscow, St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya; 2012. 504 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabrowski M. Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again? Russian Journal of Economics. 2019;5(1):67–87. DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.5.35506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabrowski M. Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again? Russian Journal of Economics. 2019;5(1):67–87. DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.5.35506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eicher T. S., Kuenzel D. J., Papageorgiou C., Christofides C. Forecasts in times of crises. International Journal of Forecasting. 2019;35(3):1143–1159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eicher T. S., Kuenzel D. J., Papageorgiou C., Christofides C. Forecasts in times of crises. International Journal of Forecasting. 2019;35(3):1143–1159. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An Z., Jalles J. T., Loungani P. How well do economists forecast recessions? International Finance. 2018;21(2):100–121. DOI: 10.1111/infi.12130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An Z., Jalles J. T., Loungani P. How well do economists forecast recessions? International Finance. 2018;21(2):100–121. DOI: 10.1111/infi.12130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щепелева М. А. Финансовое заражение: трансграничное распространение системного риска. Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2017;61(1):17–28. DOI: 10.20542/0131–2227–2017– 61–1–17–28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchepeleva M. A. Financial contagion: Global transmission of systemic risk. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya = World Economy and International Relations. 2017;61(1):17–28. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20542/0131–2227–2017–61–1–17–28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rottier S., Véron N. An assessment of the G20’s initial action items. Bruegel Policy Contribution. 2010;(8). URL: https://bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/publications/pc_2010_08_fin_reg.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rottier S., Véron N. An assessment of the G20’s initial action items. Bruegel Policy Contribution. 2010;(8). URL: https://bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/publications/pc_2010_08_fin_reg.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatzius J., Hooper P., Mishkin F., Schoenholtz K., Watson M. Financial conditions indexes: A fresh look after the financial crisis. NBER Working Paper. 2010;(16150). URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/ w16150.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatzius J., Hooper P., Mishkin F., Schoenholtz K., Watson M. Financial conditions indexes: A fresh look after the financial crisis. NBER Working Paper. 2010;(16150). URL: https://www.nber.org/papers/ w16150.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ørbeck A., Torvanger M. A financial conditions index for Norway: Can financial indicators predict GDP? Master thesis. Oslo: Norwegian University of Life Sciences; 2011. 73 p. URL: https://nmbu.brage. unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/187215/Masteroppgave.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ørbeck A., Torvanger M. A financial conditions index for Norway: Can financial indicators predict GDP? Master thesis. Oslo: Norwegian University of Life Sciences; 2011. 73 p. URL: https://nmbu.brage. unit.no/nmbu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/187215/Masteroppgave.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chow H. K. Can a financial conditions index guide monetary policy? The case of Singapore. Research Collection School of Economics. 2013. URL: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow H. K. Can a financial conditions index guide monetary policy? The case of Singapore. Research Collection School of Economics. 2013. URL: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho G., Lu Y. A financial conditions index for Poland. IMF Working Paper. 2013;(252). URL: https://www. imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13252.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho G., Lu Y. A financial conditions index for Poland. IMF Working Paper. 2013;(252). URL: https://www. imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13252.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debuque-Gonzales M., Gochoco-Bautista M. S. Financial conditions indexes for Asian economies. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 2013;(333). URL: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/ publication/30163/economics-wp333-financial-conditions-indexes.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debuque-Gonzales M., Gochoco-Bautista M. S. Financial conditions indexes for Asian economies. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 2013;(333). URL: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/ publication/30163/economics-wp333-financial-conditions-indexes.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng G., Yu W. Financial conditions index’s construction and its application on financial monitoring and economic forecasting. Procedia Computer Science. 2014;(31):32–39. DOI: 10.1016/j. procs.2014.05.242</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng G., Yu W. Financial conditions index’s construction and its application on financial monitoring and economic forecasting. Procedia Computer Science. 2014;(31):32–39. DOI: 10.1016/j. procs.2014.05.242</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стратегическое управление развитием российской экономики в условиях мировой турбулентности. Аналитический доклад. Клепач А. Н., ред. М.: Центр исследования экономической политики Экономического факультета МГУ; 2016. 289 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klepach A. N., ed. Strategic management of the development of the Russian economy in conditions of global turbulence. Analytical report. Moscow: Center for Economic Policy Research, Faculty of Economics, Moscow State University; 2016. 289 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baba N., Sakurai Y. Predicting regime switches in the VIX index with macroeconomic variables. Applied Economics Letters. 2011;18(15):1415–1419. DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2010.539532</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baba N., Sakurai Y. Predicting regime switches in the VIX index with macroeconomic variables. Applied Economics Letters. 2011;18(15):1415–1419. DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2010.539532</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer M. D., Mertens T. M. Information in the yield curve about future recessions. FRBSF Economic Letter. 2018;(20). URL: https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2018/ august/information-in-yield-curve-about-future-recessions/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer M. D., Mertens T. M. Information in the yield curve about future recessions. FRBSF Economic Letter. 2018;(20). URL: https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2018/ august/information-in-yield-curve-about-future-recessions/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer M. D., Mertens T. M. Economic forecasts with the yield curve. FRBSF Economic Letter. 2018;(7). URL: https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2018/march/economicforecasts-with-yield-curve/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer M. D., Mertens T. M. Economic forecasts with the yield curve. FRBSF Economic Letter. 2018;(7). URL: https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2018/march/economicforecasts-with-yield-curve/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тремасов К. В. Можно ли предсказать глобальный кризис и как на нем заработать? The Bell. 2018. URL: https://thebell.io/professional/tremasov-analytics</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tremasov K. V. Is it possible to predict the global crisis and how to make money on it? The Bell. 2018. URL: https://thebell.io/professional/tremasov-analytics (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishkin F. S. The information in the term structure: Some further results. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 1988;3(4):307–314. DOI: 10.1002/jae.3950030406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishkin F. S. The information in the term structure: Some further results. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 1988;3(4):307–314. DOI: 10.1002/jae.3950030406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock J. H., Watson M. W. New index of coincident and leading indicators. In: Blanchard O. J., Fischer S., eds. NBER Macroeconomic Annual. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1989;4:351–409. URL: https://www.nber. org/chapters/c10968.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock J. H., Watson M. W. New index of coincident and leading indicators. In: Blanchard O. J., Fischer S., eds. NBER Macroeconomic Annual. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1989;4:351–409. URL: https://www.nber. org/chapters/c10968.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Estrella A., Hardouvelis G. The term structure as a predictor of real economic activity. The Journal of Finance. 1991;46(2):555–576. DOI: 10.2307/2328836</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Estrella A., Hardouvelis G. The term structure as a predictor of real economic activity. The Journal of Finance. 1991;46(2):555–576. DOI: 10.2307/2328836</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов Ю. А., Пивоваров Д. А., Давыдов И. С. Некоторые результаты исследования новых кризисных предикторов. Вопросы экономики. 2020 (в печати).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov Yu.A., Pivovarov D. A., Davydov I. S. Some results of research on new crisis predictors. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2020. (In press). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мовчан А., Кирэу Е. Барометры для кризиса. Опережающие индикаторы опасных состояний финансовых рынков: история и текущая ситуация. М.: Московский центр Карнеги; 2018. 26 c. URL: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Article_Movchan_2018_Russ.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Movchan A., Kireu E. Barometers for the crisis. Leading indicators of the dangerous conditions of financial markets: History and current situation. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center; 2018. 26 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández P., Martinez M., Acin I. Market risk premium and risk-free rate used for 69 countries in 2019: A survey. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2019. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3358901</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández P., Martinez M., Acin I. Market risk premium and risk-free rate used for 69 countries in 2019: A survey. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2019. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3358901</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiller R. The world’s priciest stock market. Project Syndicate. Jan. 23, 2018. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/us-stock-market-highest-cape-ratio-by-robert-j--shiller-2018-01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiller R. The world’s priciest stock market. Project Syndicate. Jan. 23, 2018. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/us-stock-market-highest-cape-ratio-by-robert-j--shiller-2018-01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borio C., Drehmann M., Xia D. Predicting recessions: Financial cycle versus term spread. BIS Working Papers. 2019;(818). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work818.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borio C., Drehmann M., Xia D. Predicting recessions: Financial cycle versus term spread. BIS Working Papers. 2019;(818). URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/work818.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тиунова М. Г. Влияние внешних шоков на российскую экономику. Финансы: теория и практика. 2018; 22(4):146–170. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2018–22–4–146–170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiunova M. G. The impact of external shocks on the Russian economy. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2018;22(4):146–170. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794 / 2587–5671–2018–22– 4–146–170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубинин С. К. Финансиализация экономического роста и российская национальная финансовая система. Финансы: теория и практика. 2017;21(4):6–21. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2017–21– 4–6–21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinin S. K. Financialization of economic growth and the Russian national financial system. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2017;21(4):6–21. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26794 / 2587– 5671–2017–21–4–6–21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов Ю. А., Пивоваров Д. А. Финансовая структура в России: выводы для государственной политики. Вопросы экономики. 2018;(3):30–47. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2018–3–30–47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov Yu.A., Pivovarov D. A. Financial structure in Russia: Conclusions for state policy. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2018;(3):30–47. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2018–3–30–47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов Ю., Буклемишев О., Абрамов А. О необходимости реформы финансовых рынков и небанковского финансового сектора. Вопросы экономики. 2017;(9):28–50. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736– 2017–9–28–50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov Yu., Buklemishev O., Abramov A. On the need to reform financial markets and the non-banking financial sector. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2017;(9):28–50. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2017–9–28–50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
