На пути к стабильному будущему: роль и влияние инструментов «зеленого» финансирования на российско-китайские торговые отношения

В современных условиях глобализации торговые отношения между Китаем и Россией становятся все более тесными, а в связи с растущей глобальной озабоченностью экологической устойчивостью «зеленые» финансы как новая финансовая модель постепенно превращаются в важный фактор китайско-российского торгового сотрудничества. Цель данного исследования — выяснить, какова роль и влияние «зеленых» финансовых инструментов в торговых отношениях между Китаем и Россией. Авторы эмпирически проанализировали связь между объемом экспорта в Россию из 22 китайских провинций и такими переменными, как уровень развития «зеленых» финансовых инструментов («зеленое» страхование, «зеленый» кредит, «зеленые» облигации, «зеленые» фонды), ВВП и численность населения в каждой провинции. Результаты исследования показывают, что «зеленое» кредитование, облигации и фонды не оказывают существенного влияния на объем экспорта, в то время как «зеленое» страхование оказывает демпфирующее воздействие на рост экспорта. Китаю и России необходимо углублять сотрудничество в области «зеленого» финансирования, оптимизировать разработку политики «зеленого» страхования, снизить нагрузку на предприятия, а также усилить продвижение на рынок и инновации «зеленых» финансовых инструментов. Рекомендуется, чтобы правительства обеих стран усилили координацию политики, предоставили налоговые стимулы и финансовую поддержку, а также способствовали «зеленой» трансформации торговых структур для достижения синергетического развития экономики и окружающей среды.

1. Tavrovsky Yu. Back to back. Izborsk Club. 2021. URL: https://izborsk-club.ru/21006 (In Russ.).

2. Xie W., Kuznetsova N.P., Toan N.K. Role of export credit insurance and the development of Russian export trade. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2023;27(1):174-184. DOI: 10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-1-174-184

3. Yang G., Li Y., Jiang X. Research on the impacts of green finance towards the high-quality development of China’s economy: Mechanisms and empirical analysis. Theoretical Economics Letters. 2020;10(6):1338-1357. DOI: 10.4236/tel.2020.106082

4. Wang Y. Theoretical analysis of the impact of green finance on the high-quality development of China’s economy. Shāngyè xīnwén = Business News. 2023;(24):88-91. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: SYJW.0.2023-24-023

5. Tian G. Development of green finance as an effective direction of capital flow into the green sector. Jīngjìshiìbào = Rural Finance Times. 2024;(08). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.28590/n.cnki.nncfb.2024.000029

6. Dai L., Yang X. Analysis of Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation strategies under the background of the continued escalation of Western sanctions against Russia. Ōu yà jīngjì = Eurasian Economy. 2023;(6):23-46. URL: https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_russian-central-asian-east-european-market_thesis/02012145010013.html (In Chin.).

7. Li Ch. Comprehensive and pragmatic cooperation between China and Russia. Jīngjì rìbào = Economic Daily. Jan 8, 2024. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.28425/n.cnki.njjrb.2024.000113

8. Xin G., Huang R., Panova V., Kashin V. Crisis and global transformation: China and Russia in a changing world order. Èluósī yánjiū = Russian Studies. 2024;(1). (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: ELSY.0.2024-01-003

9. Liu X. The Belt and Road Initiative has helped China-Russia economic and trade cooperation develop in higher quality. Zhōngguó hӑishì = Maritime China. 2023;(8):58-59,10-11. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: YYHW.0.2023-08-015

10. Kuznetsova N.P., Pisarenko Zh.V., Wang Q., Nguyen Can Toan. Power engineering cooperation between China and Russia in the context of sustainable development: Micro-level. Problemy sovremennoi ekonomiki = Problems of Modern Economy. 2020;(1):139-145. (In Russ.).

11. Wang Z., Bai F., Yan W., Xu J., He X. Historical trends of carbon emissions in key countries, characteristics of carbon neutrality policies and cooperation suggestions. Zhōngguó shíyóu dìzhí kàn tàn = Geological Exploration of Oil in China. 2022;27(6):98-109. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: KTSY.0.2022-06-011

12. Sun Q. Russia: The dilemma of carbon neutrality — between adoption and rejection. Jiǎnchá guāndiӑn = Prosecutorial View. 2022;(13):56-57. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: SPMF.0.2022-13-040

13. Feng M., Ma C. Russia’s path to carbon neutrality. Qìxiàng jiāncè yùjǐng = Meteorological Monitoring and Warning. 2022;(3). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1973.2022.03.012

14. Xu P.L. Russia’s low-carbon development strategy in the global climate agenda: Directions, features, and internal logic. Èluósī dōng’ōu zhōng yà yánjiū = Russian Studies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. 2022;(3):84-102,172-173. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.20018/j.cnki.reecas.2022.03.005

15. Cheng H. Russia’s new energy strategy and Sino-Russian cooperation in low-carbon energy. Xībólìyǎ yánjiū = Siberian Studies. 2022;49(2):15-24. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: XBLJ.0.2022-02-002

16. Liu Q. Challenges faced by Russia’s energy sector during the low-carbon transition. Ōu yà jīngjì = Eurasian Economy. 2022;(1):12-26,125. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: DOZY.0.2022-01-002

17. Dan M., Che C., Chen Sh., Zhang H. New opportunities for China-Russia energy cooperation under Russia’s low-carbon transition. Guójì shíyóu jīngjì = International Petroleum Economics. 2022;30(4):11-17. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: GJJJ.0.2022-04-002

18. Liu F. Russia’s low-carbon development path. Shìjiè shìwù = World Affairs. 2021;(22):64-65. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: SJZS.0.2021-22-026

19. Wang L. “Sustainable” aspiration of Russia towards carbon neutrality. Zhōngguó néngyuán bào = China Energy News. 2021;(6). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.28693/n.cnki.nshca.2021.002467

20. Zhao X. Difficulties in implementing Russia’s new energy strategy and prospects for Sino-Russian energy cooperation. Kitaiskoe slavyanovedenie = Chinese Journal of Slavic Studies. 2023;3(2):263-285. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.1515/cjss 2023-0010

21. Shan Y., Han Y. Responding to the challenges of the carbon neutrality era: Russia’s new “green course”. Dāngdài guójì guānxì = Contemporary International Relations. 2022;(1):32. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: XDGJ.0.2022-01-003

22. Kang Z., Cao X. New developments in Russian environmental policy and its enlightenments under the background of carbon neutrality. Shìjiè qūyù yánjiū = World Regional Studies. 2023;32(10):76-88. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.10.2021822

23. Glazyrina I., Zabelina I. The Silk Road Economic Belt and green growth in the East of Russia. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2016;7(5):342-351. DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2016.05.004

24. Chu D. Green economy: Perceptions and actions of Russia. Ōu yà jīngjì = Eurasian Economy. 2020;(2):44- 59,127-128. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: DOZY.0.2020-02-005

25. Liao W. Russia: Accelerating the development of green energy. Jīngjì gōngbào = Economic Gazette. Nov. 26, 2012. URL: http://paper.ce.cn/jjrb/html/2012-11/26/content_135976.htm (In Chin.).

26. Voloshin V.I., Nazarova O.E. Low-carbon energy development: Challenges for Russia and ways to overcome them. Rossiiskii vneshneekonomicheskii vestnik = Russian Foreign Economic Journal. 2022;(2):5-15. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24412/2072-8042-2022-2-5-15

27. Ji Y. Development strategies of China-Russia energy trade under the background of “One Belt, One Road”. Wàishāng zài zhōngguó de tóuzī = Foreign Investment in China. 2022;(12):15-17. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: WQZG.0.2022-12-006

28. Zhou P., Ma L. Strategy for China’s ecological industry to enter foreign markets under the “Green Belt and Road” initiative: Empirical analysis using the SWOT-AHP model. Guǎnlǐ hé xíngzhèng = Management and Administration. 2024;(1):186-192. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.16517/j.cnki.cn12-1034/f.2024.01.004

29. Bao Zh. Study of environmental cooperation and its pathways in Belt and Road countries. Hā’ěrbīn gōngyè dàxué xuébào (shèhuì kēxué bǎn) = Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Social Science Series). 2024;(1):136-142. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.16822/j.cnki.hitskb.2024.01.016

30. Liu I. The “Green Belt and Road” as a driving force for global green development. Zhèjiāng jīngjì = Zhejiang Economy. 2023;(10):15-17. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: ZHEJ.0.2023-10-007

31. Gong C. Development of green finance, sectoral restructuring, and China’s economic growth. Huáběi cáizhèng = Finance of Northern China. 2023;(12). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-4392.2023.12.004

32. Jin S., Zhang V., Shi B. Does green finance development promote China’s export trade? Jīnróng yánjiū = Financial Research. 2022;(5):38-56. (In Chin.). DOI: CNKI: SUN: JRYJ.0.2022-05-003

33. Wang Y. How can a green financial system promote the green transformation of the economy? Xuéshù qiányán = Academic Frontiers. 2024. URL: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MjU3Njg5MA==&mid=22 47532506&idx=1&sn=7b14a13c33fb4e553c99df0494b9a77e (In Chin.)

34. Li B. Development of specialized insurance products: Efforts in science-technical and green finance. Jīngjì cānkǎo bào = Economic Reference News. 2024;(7). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.28419/n.cnki.njjck.2024.000116

35. Zhang C., Chen R. Green finance policy innovation and carbon emission intensity from energy use: Resource allocation effect or green innovation effect. Gānsù shèhuì kēxué = Gansu Social Sciences. 2023;(5):206-218. (In Chin.). DOI: 10.15891/j.cnki.cn62-1093/c.20231012.006

36. Yu I. Insurance industry continues to improve the quality of green finance. Jīngjì gōngbào = Economic Gazette. 2023;(7). (In Chin.). DOI: 10.28425/n.cnki.njjrb.2023.008508