Цели демонетизации в мире. Подробности об индийской демонетизации 2016 года

Понятие «демонетизация» означает удаление или отказ от одного или нескольких законных платежных средств в экономике. Этот термин так же стар, как и использование валюты, которое можно проследить до VII и VI вв. до нашей эры. Индийское правительство провело необъявленную демонетизацию в 2016 г. Аналогичные случаи наблюдались в Индии в 1946 и 1978 гг. В целом мир стал свидетелем десятков демонетизаций в разных странах, которые проводились по разным причинам. Многие из них были успешными, но многие — неудачными. Необходимо понять, почему демонетизации были проведены по всему миру. Данное исследование выполнено с использованием метода обзора литературы, нацеленного на поиск причин демонетизаций в таких странах, как Австралия, Канада, Новая Зеландия, Ливия, Гана, Мьянма, Заир, Россия, Северная Корея, Пакистан, Швеция, Зимбабве, Беларусь. Также кратко рассматриваются цели индийской демонетизации 2016 г. и выясняется, были ли они достигнуты. В результате авторы пришли к выводу, что предварительно объявленные демонетизации обычно были успешными, в то время как большинство необъявленных демонетизаций привели к неудачам, пострадали экономика и население. Результаты данной работы могут быть полезны правительствам, политикам и ученым для понимания цели демонетизации, а также того, что к ее проведению нужно подходить с осторожностью. Авторы пришли к выводу, что демонетизация может иметь как положительный, так и отрицательный эффект, что зависит в основном от намерений руководства страны и подготовленности проведения демонетизации.

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