THE MONETARY POLICY IN COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN THE GLOBALIZATION CONTEXT: REGIMES AND TOOLS

Abstract

The paper explores the experience of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in responding to the globalization challenges relating to the monetary policy in terms of choosing a policy regime and a set of tools to implement it. Highlighted are the main globalization challenges for the national monetary policy associated with target restrictions, the impact of external crises and cross-border capital flows. The evolution of monetary policy regimes in the CEE countries corresponds to the “bipolar pattern”. It is shown that countries with the extreme form of the exchange rate fixation demonstrate the best results in quiescent periods and are more affected by crises whereas countries with the inflation targeting regime are characterized by smoothed dynamics of macroeconomic indices. The transformation of the tooling in terms of the active use of macroprudential policy tools in the countries of South-Eastern Europe in the periods preceding a global economic crisis and during transition to new monetary policy tools in some countries (Czech Republic, Hungary) in the post-crisis period is shown.