Жан Тироль: математик-экономист-гуманист

Жан Тироль, лауреат Нобелевской премии по экономическим наукам 2014 г., посетивший в ноябре 2018 г. Финансовый университет в Москве, является одним из самых ярких примеров эволюции, которую переживают некоторые современные экономисты. Его карьера началась в период бурного развития теорий регулирования и конкурентной политики. Это было также время интенсивного развития теории промышленной организации (индустриальной экономики), особенно ее отрасли, ориентированной на вопросы государственной политики — экономического регулирования, антимонопольного законодательства и, в более общем плане, экономического управления при определении прав собственности, принудительном исполнении договоров, обеспечении организационной инфраструктуры. Прогресс в этих областях отражал два методологических прорыва: теорию игр и теорию проектирования механизмов. Расширение использования теории игр в экономике промышленности привело к миграции ее достижений в другие отрасли микроэкономики, такие как поведенческая экономика и корпоративные финансы. В 1978 г. Жан Тироль отправился в США, чтобы получить степень доктора экономических наук в Массачусетском технологическом институте (MIT), где он начал свое становление как экономист. В статье представлен путь, проделанный Жаном Тиролем от инженера и математика до экономиста мирового класса. Особенное внимание автор уделил традициям французской экономической науки, оказавшим немалое влияние на основные сферы научных интересов Жана Тироля. Менеджерские способности Тироля позволили ему создать научную школу как в Университете Тулузы и фонде имени Жана-Жака Лаффонта, так и в новообразованном Институте перспективных исследований.

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