Корономика, финансовая поддержка экономики и ее зомбирование (в контексте пятого фактора производства)

В статье рассмотрены вопросы влияния пандемии COVID-19 на экономику и на соответствующий атипичный экономический кризис, а также роль экономической способности государства во время этого кризиса, аспекты финансовой поддержки экономики и особенности зомбирования экономики. Цель исследования — изучение действий экономической способности государства как самостоятельного фактора производства в условиях пандемии COVID-19, способствующих разворачиванию процесса зомбирования экономики. В исследовании использованы методы дедукции и индукции, анализа и синтеза, аналогии, абстрагирования. На основе признания пятым фактором производства экономической способности государства рассматриваются ее особые функции, особенно в условиях экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19. Охарактеризованы основные особенности этого атипичного кризиса. Показано, что процесс деглобализации во время пандемии COVID-19 характеризует деглобализацию экономической способности государства и что этот процесс имеет временный характер, так как преодоление глобального явления пандемии и вызванного ею экономического кризиса требует исключительно глобальных подходов и мер. Особое внимание сосредоточено на финансовой поддержке экономики со стороны экономической способности государства в условиях данного экономического кризиса. Сделан вывод, что финансовая поддержка способствует процессу зомбирования экономики, принявшего глобальный характер во время экономического кризиса 2007–2009 гг. и продолжавшегося после его завершения. Зомбирование экономики является результатом конфликта между политическими интересами государства и его экономической способностью. Решение данной проблемы возможно путем изменений законодательства о банкротстве. Основной его принцип избежания нежелательного банкротства фирм необходимо заменить на принцип ликвидации нежизнеспособных фирм. Такое изменение в законодательстве может быть реализовано лишь в условиях, когда экономика находится на подъеме.

1. Ghebreyesus T.A. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19–11 March 2 020. World Health Organization. Mar. 11, 2020. URL: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—-11-march-2020 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

2. Baldwin R., di Mauro B.W., eds. Mitigating the COVID economic crisis: Act fast and do whatever it takes. London: CEPR Press; 2020. 219 р. URL: https://voxeu.org/content/mitigating-covid-economic-crisis-act-fastand-do-whatever-it-takes?fbclid=IwAR2tO7kRFEGS1_3J88oedtd1G3CARE4S0PFDSmOFJeSzH5tfEi6Odu55Fx8 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

3. Григорьев Л.М. Мировая социальная драма пандемии и рецессии. Население и экономика. 2020;4(2):18–25. DOI: 10.3897/popecon.4.e53325

4. Geller A., Wiseman P., Rugaber C. Outbreak starts to look more like worldwide economic crisis. Herald Tribune. Feb. 28, 2020. URL: https://www.heraldtribune.com/business/20200228/outbreak-starts-to-lookmore-like-worldwide-economic-crisis (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

5. De Alwis A. Coronomics — Plan your eggs and the basket! Daily FT. Feb. 06, 2020. URL: http://www.ft.lk/columns/Coronomics-%E 2%80%93-Plan-your-eggs-and-the-basket-/4–695109 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

6. Eichengreen B. Coronanomics 101. Project Syndicate. Mar. 10, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/limits-macroeconomic-tools-coronavirus-pandemic-by-barry-eichengreen-2020–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=cba7e1c6a1-sunday_newsletter_15_03_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-cba7e1c6a1–93567601&mc_cid=cba7e1c6a1&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

7. Papava V. Coronomic crisis: When the economy is a hostage to medicine. Eurasia Review. Mar. 29, 2020. URL: https://www.eurasiareview.com/29032020-coronomic-crisis-when-the-economy-is-a-hostage-to-medicineoped/ (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

8. Папава В. Новые вызовы экономической науки в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Ekonomisti. 2020; XVI(4):20–35. DOI: 10.36172/EKONOMISTI.2020.XVI.04.Papava

9. Basu K. How the pandemic should shake up economics. Project Syndicate. June 22, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-pandemic-shows-markets-depend-on-tacit-social-norms-bykaushik-basu-2020–06?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=4bba15cfe5-sunday_newsletter_06_28_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–4bba15cfe5–93567601&mc_cid=4bba15cfe5&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

10. Hamada K. Epidemics, economics, and externalities. Project Syndicate. Aug. 27, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-epidemics-economics-externalities-social-justiceby-koichi-hamada-2020–08?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=219b01f4ffcovid_newsletter_03_09_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–219b01f4ff-93567601&mc_cid=219b01f4ff&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

11. Папава В. Роль государства в современной экономической системе. Вопросы экономики. 1993;(11):33–41.

12. Папава В. О некоторых спорных вопросах теории факторов производства. Теоретическая и прикладная экономика. 2017;(3):106–118. DOI: 10.25136/2409–8647.2017.3.23890

13. Гребнев Л. Факторы и ресурсы: тождество, различие или противоположность? Вопросы экономики. 2010;(7):135–150. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2010–7–135–150

14. Brynjolfsson E., Hitt L. Information technology as a factor of production: The role of differences among firms. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 1995;3(3–4):183–200. DOI: 10.1080/10438599500000002

15. Gentile B. The new factors of production and the rise of data-driven applications. Forbes. Oct. 31, 2011. URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2011/10/31/the-new-factors-of-production-and-the-rise-of-datadriven-applications/#4264220317da (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

16. Kendall W.R., Scott C.R. Information as a factor of production. Journal of Information Technology Management. 1990;1(2):39–43. URL: http://jitm.ubalt.edu/I-2/JITM%20Vol%20I%20No.2–5.pdf (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

17. Papava V. On production factors. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2017;11(4):145–149. URL: http://science.org.ge/bnas/t11-n4/22_Papava.pdf

18. Макконннелл К.Р., Брю С.Л. Экономикс: Принципы, проблемы и политика (в 2-х т.). Т. 1. М.: Республика; 1992. 399 с.

19. McConnell C.R., Brue S.L. Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. 16th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 2005. 733 p.

20. Papava V. A new view of the economic ability of the government, egalitarian goods and GNP. International Journal of Social Economics. 1993;20(8):56–62. DOI: 10.1108/03068299310044425

21. Griffiths A., Wall S., eds. Applied economics: An introductory course. Sixth edition. London: Longman; 1997. 808 p.

22. Krugman P. The return of depression economics and the crisis of 2008. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.; 2009. 207 p.

23. Shiller R.J. The subprime solution: How today’s global financial crisis happened, and what to do about it. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press; 2008. 208 p.

24. Stiglitz J.E. Freefall: America, free markets, and the sinking of the world economy. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.; 2010. 480 p.

25. Maresso A., Mladovsky P., Thomson S., Sagan A., Karanikolos M., Richardson E., Cylus J., Evetovits T., Jowett M., Figueras J., Kluge H., eds. Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: Country experience. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2015. 554 р. URL: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/279820/Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web.pdf?ua=1 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

26. Suhrcke M., Stuckler D., Suk J.E., Desai M., Senek M., McKee M., Tsolova S., Basu S., Abubakar I., Hunter P.,

27. Rechel B., Semenza J.C. The impact of economic crises on communicable disease transmission and control: A systematic review of the evidence. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(6): e20724. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020724

28. Roach S. S. The pandemic’s long economic shadow. Project Syndicate. Dec. 21, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/pandemics-long-economic-shadow-by-stephen-s-roach-2020–12 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

29. Bishop J. Economic effects of the Spanish flu. Reserve Bank of Australia. June 18, 2020. URL: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2020/jun/economic-effects-of-the-spanish-flu.html (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

30. De Santis R., Van der Veken W. Economic expected losses and downside risks due to the Spanish flu. VoxEUCEPR Policy Portal. Nov. 11, 2020. URL: https://voxeu.org/article/economic-expected-losses-and-downsiderisks-due-spanish-flu (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

31. Maas S. Social and economic impacts of the 1918 influenza epidemic. National Bureau of Economic Research. The Digest. 2020;(5). URL: https://www.nber.org/digest/may20/social-and-economic-impacts-1918-influenza-epidemic (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

32. Ullman H. Economic recovery from coronavirus: Lessons from 1918–1923. Atlantic Council. May 01, 2020. URL: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/economic-recovery-from-coronavirus-lessonsfrom-1918–1923/ (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

33. Scheidel W. The Spanish flu didn’t wreck the global economy: What is different about the coronavirus pandemic? Foreign Affairs. May 28, 2020. URL: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/unitedstates/2020–05–28/spanish-flu-didnt-wreck-global-economy (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

34. Derviş K., Strauss S. What COVID-19 means for international cooperation. Project Syndicate. Mar. 06, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-cooperation-can-prevent-nextpandemic-by-kemal-dervis-and-sebasti-n-strauss-2020–03?barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

35. Papava V. On the atypical economic crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Economics and Business. 2020; XII(4):9–16. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349098628_On_the_Atypical_Economic_Crisis_under_the_COVID-19_Pandemic

36. Ajili W. Pourquoi la crise Covid-19 est-elle aussi inédite? L’Economiste. 1 mai, 2020. URL: https://www.leconomistemaghrebin.com/2020/05/01/pourquoi-crise-covid-19-est-elle-aussi-inedite/ (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

37. Stiglitz J.E. Plagued by Trumpism. Project Syndicate, Mar. 09, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/trump-coronavirus-failure-of-small-government-by-joseph-e-stiglitz-2020–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=cba7e1c6a1-sunday_newsletter_15_03_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8-cba7e1c6a1–93567601&mc_cid=cba7e1c6a1&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

38. Эйлон С., Голд Б., Сёзан Ю. Система показателей эффективности производства (прикладной анализ). Пер. с англ. М.: Экономика; 1980. 191 с.

39. Rodrik D. Making the best of a post-pandemic World. Project Syndicate. May 12, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/three-trends-shaping-post-pandemic-global-economy-bydani-rodrik-2020–05?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=3ce69c95d3-sunday_newsletter_17_05_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–3ce69c95d3–93567601&mc_cid=3ce69c95d3&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

40. Stiglitz J. E., Jayadev A., Prabhala A. Patents vs. the pandemic. Project Syndicate. Apr. 23, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-drugs-and-vaccine-demand-patent-reform-byjoseph-e-stiglitz-et-al-2020–04 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

41. Penteado A. Uncertainty and intellectual property rights. NUJS Journal of Regulatory Studies. 2020;(April):1–5. URL: https://nujs.edu/crsgpp/crsgpp-journal-april2020.pdf (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

42. Woods N. The green shoots of COVID solidarity. Project Syndicate. Mar. 02, 2021. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/rich-countries-must-show-covid19-vaccine-solidarity-byngaire-woods-2021–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=49ad427ef0-sunday_newsletter_03_07_2021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–49ad427ef0–93567601&mc_cid=49ad427ef0&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

43. Spence M., Stiglitz J. E., Ghosh J. Avoiding a K-shaped global recovery. Project Syndicate. Mar. 24, 2021. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-economy-avoiding-k-shaped-recovery-bymichael-spence-et-al-2021–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=4161ffd8c1-sunday_newsletter_03_28_2021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–4161ffd8c1–93567601&mc_cid=4161ffd8c1&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

44. Sachs J.F. Building the new American economy: Smart, fair, and sustainable. New York: Columbia University Press; 2017; 152 p.

45. Papava V. Is the vaccine a panacea? Eurasia Review. Sept. 30, 2020. URL: https://www.eurasiareview.com/30092020-is-the-vaccine-a-panacea-oped/?fbclid=IwAR 0A1A6aQRGpC-6SfhcjjtneRU 34HGm920joNgHsnZMIO4raEsLWO8l5Jrs (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

46. Аузан А.А. Экономика во время пандемии и после нее. Население и экономика. 2020;4(2):4–12. DOI: 10.3897/popecon.4.e53403

47. Sachs J.D. Global cooperation is the only way forward for the US. World Economic Forum. Jan. 06, 2017. URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/jeffrey-sachs-global-cooperation-is-the-only-way-forward-forthe-us/ (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

48. O’Rourke K. A short history of Brexit: From Brentry to backstop. London: Pelican; 2019. 384 p.

49. Григорьев Л.М., Павлюшина В.А., Музыченко Е.Э. Падение в мировую рецессию 2020… Вопросы экономики. 2020;(5):5–24. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2020–5–5–24

50. Rogoff K. Deglobalization will hurt growth everywhere. Project Syndicate. June 03, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/deglobalization-threat-to-world-economy-and-united-states-by-kennethrogoff-2020–06?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=56f4462bc8-sunday_newsletter_07_06_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–56f4462bc8–93567601&mc_cid=56f4462bc8&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

51. Haass R.N. Deglobalization and its discontents. Project Syndicate. May 12, 2020. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/deglobalizaton-discontents-by-richard-n-haass-2020–05?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=3ce69c95d3-sunday_newsletter_17_05_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–3ce69c95d3–93567601&mc_cid=3ce69c95d3&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

52. Åslund A. Trump’s global recession. Project Syndicate. Mar. 13, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/donald-trump-covid19-global-recession-by-anders-aslund-2020–03 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

53. Fung V. K. The trade cure for the global economy. Project Syndicate. Apr. 22, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid19-crisis-revive-multilateralism-open-trade-byvictor-k-fung-2020–04?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=871db40e9fsunday_newsletter_26_04_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–871db40e9f-93567601&mc_cid=871db40e9f&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

54. Mazzucato M., Torreele E. How to develop a COVID-19 vaccine for all. Project Syndicate. Apr. 27, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/universal-free-covid19-vaccine-by-mariana-mazzucatoand-els-torreele-2020–04?barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

55. Passaris C. E. The moral dilemma and asymmetric economic impact of COVID-19. Real-world economics review. 2021;(95):62–70. URL: http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue95/Passaris95.pdf (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

56. Абесадзе Р. Глобализация и экономические проблемы пандемии. Ekonomisti. 2020;XVI(2):14–20.

57. El-Erian M. A. Navigating deglobalization. Project Syndicate. May 11, 2020. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/covid19-deglobalization-two-priorities-by-mohamed-a-el-erian-2020–05?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=3ce69c95d3-sunday_newsletter_17_05_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–3ce69c95d3–93567601&mc_cid=3ce69c95d3&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

58. Мау В. Пандемия коронавируса и тренды экономической политики. Вопросы экономики. 2021;(3):5–30. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2021–3–5–30

59. Blair T., Kalibata A. Building food security during the pandemic. Project Syndicate. May 07, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/four-ways-to-boost-food-security-duringcovid19-pandemic-by-tony-blair-and-agnes-kalibata-2020–05?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=2ad6876daf-sunday_newsletter_10_05_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–2ad6876daf-93567601&mc_cid=2ad6876daf&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

60. Gigerenzer G. Why what does not kill us makes us panic. Project Syndicate. Mar. 12, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/greater-risk-literacy-can-reduce-coronavirus-fear-by-gerdgigerenzer-2020–03 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

61. Roach S.S. The false crisis comparison. Project Syndicate. Mar. 19, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid-19-crisis-nothing-like-2008-by-stephen-s-roach-2020–03 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

62. Hatheway L. A COVID-19 emergency response plan. Project Syndicate. Feb. 27, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/covid-19-economy-response-plan-by-larry-hatheway-2020–02 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

63. Skidelsky R. Sequencing the post-COVID recovery. Project Syndicate. Mar. 16, 2021. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/keynes-criticism-of-new-deal-relevant-to-covid19-by-robert-skidelsky-2021–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=8d2c6792d0-sunday_newsletter_03_21_2021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–8d2c6792d0–93567601&mc_cid=8d2c6792d0&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

64. Velasco A. Are we all Keynesians again? Project Syndicate. Aug. 25, 2020. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/states-must-be-insurer-of-last-resort-against-aggregate-risks-by-andresvelasco-2020–08?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=84fdc5db75-sunday_newsletter_30_08_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–84fdc5db75–93567601&mc_cid=84fdc5db75&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

65. Зайцев Ю.К. Меры денежно-кредитной и фискальной политики в период экономического кризиса COVID-19 в России. Финансы: теория и практика. 2020;24(6):6–18. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2020–24–6–6–18

66. Jiang M., Hu Y., Li X. Financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises in China amid COVID-19. Finansy: teoriya i praktika = Finance: Theory and Practice. 2020;24(5):6–14. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2020–24–5–6–14

67. Gros D. Fiscal follies in the COVID recovery. Project Syndicate. Mar. 05, 2021. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/folly-of-additional-deficit-financed-fiscal-stimulus-in-2021-by-daniel-gros-2021–03?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=4110556ba0-sunday_newsletter_03_14_2021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–4110556ba0–93567601&mc_cid=4110556ba0&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

68. Stiglitz J.E., Rashid H. How to prevent the looming sovereign-debt crisis. Project Syndicate. July 31, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/how-to-prevent-looming-debt-crisis-developingcountries-by-joseph-e-stiglitz-and-hamid-rashid-2020–07?barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

69. Spence M., Leipziger D. The pandemic public-debt dilemma. Project Syndicate. Dec. 08, 2020. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/pandemic-spending-debt-dilemma-by-michael-spence-anddanny-leipziger-2020–12?utm_source=Project%20Syndicate%20Newsletter&utm_campaign=4f0dca62b8-sunday_newsletter_12_13_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–4f0dca62b8–93567601&mc_cid=4f0dca62b8&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0&barrier=accesspaylog (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

70. Rajan R. G. How much debt is too much? Project Syndicate. Nov. 30, 2020. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/borrowing-and-spending-limits-in-ultra-low-interest-rate-environment-byraghuram-rajan-2020–11 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

71. Lee A. Global public debt to rise ‘modestly’ after US$ 14 trillion spent to tackle coronavirus economic damage, IMF says. China Macro Economy. Jan. 28, 2021. URL: https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3119649/global-public-debt-rise-modestly-after-us14-trillion-spent (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

72. Newman F.N. Freedom from national debt. Minneapolis, MN: Two Harbors Press; 2013. 104 p.

73. Hager S. Public debt, inequality, and power: The making of a modern debt state. Oakland, CA: University of California Press; 2016. 174 p.

74. Dalio R. Big debt crises. Westport, CT: Bridgewater; 2018. 472 p.

75. Abbas S., Pienkowski A., Rogoff K., eds. Sovereign debt: A guide for economists and practitioners. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. 464 p.

76. Колодко Г.В. Последствия. Экономика и политика в постпандемическом мире. Вопросы экономики. 2020;(5):25–44. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2020–5–25–44

77. Gardini G.L., ed. The world before and after COVID-19: Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations. Salamanca-Stockholm: European Institute of International Studies Press; 2020. 153 p. URL: https://www.ieeiweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Full_book_FINAL_EN 2.0-UNIDO.pdf (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

78. Harrington K. The risk of post-pandemic instability. Project Syndicate. Mar. 25, 2021. URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/post-covid-instability-sources-of-unrest-by-kent-harrington-2021–03 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

79. Zakaria F. Ten lessons for a post-pandemic world. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.; 2020. 320 р.

80. Stiglitz J.E. Priorities for the COVID-19 economy. Project Syndicate. July 01, 2020. URL: https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/covid-2020-recession-how-to-respond-by-joseph-e-stiglitz-2020–06?utm_source=Project+Syndicate+Newsletter&utm_campaign=67133fbc7b-covid_newsletter_02_07_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_73bad5b7d8–67133fbc7b-93567601&mc_cid=67133fbc7b&mc_eid=e9fb6cbcc0 (дата обращения: 31.03.2021).

81. Hoshi T. Economics of the living dead. The Japanese Economic Review. 2006;57(1):30–49. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468–5876.2006.00354.x

82. Ahearne A. G., Shinada N. Zombie firms and economic stagnation in Japan. International Economics and Economic Policy. 2005;2(4):363–381. DOI: 10.1007/s10368–005–0041–1

83. Smith D.C. Loans to Japanese borrowers. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies. 2003;17(3):283–304. DOI: 10.1016/S 0889–1583(03)00043–1

84. Hoshi T., Kashyap A. Solutions to Japan’s banking problems: What might work and what definitely will fail. In: Ito T., Patrick H., Weinstein D.E., eds. Reviving Japan’s economy: Problems and prescriptions. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press: 2005:147–195.

85. Kane E.J. The dialectical role of information and disinformation in regulation-induced banking crises. PacificBasin Finance Journal. 2000;8(3–4):285–308. DOI: 10.1016/S 0927–538X(00)00014–7

86. Kane E.J. Capital movements, banking insolvency, and silent runs in the Asian financial crisis. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal. 2000;8(2):153–175. DOI: 10.1016/S 0927–538X(00)00009–3

87. LeLaulu L. Zombie economics? Devex. Jan. 12, 2009. URL: https://www.devex.com/news/zombieeconomics-58420 (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

88. Constable S., Wright R.E. The Wall Street Journal guide to the 50 economic indicators that really matter: From Big Macs to “zombie banks”, the indicators smart investors watch to beat the market. New York: Harper Business; 2011. 281 p.

89. Desjardins L., Emerson R. Zombie economics: A guide to personal finance. New York: AVERY; 2011. 304 p.

90. Harman C. Zombie capitalism: Global crisis and the relevance of Marx. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books; 2010. 425 p.

91. Marrs J. The trillion-dollar conspiracy: How the new world order, man-made diseases, and zombie banks are destroying America. New York: HarperCollins Publishers; 2011. 496 p.

92. Onaran Y. Zombie banks: How broken banks and debtor nations are crippling the global economy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. 184 p.

93. Quiggin J. Zombie economics: How dead ideas still walk among us. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press; 2010. 288 p.

94. Мау В. Драма 2008 года: от экономического чуда к экономическому кризису. Вопросы экономики. 2009;(2):4–23. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2009–2–4–23

95. Coy P. A new menace to the economy: ‘Zombie’ debtors. Bloomberg Businessweek. Jan. 15, 2009. URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2009–01–14/a-new-menace-to-the-economy-zombie-debtors (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

96. Krugman P. Wall Street Voodoo. The New York Times. Jan. 18, 2009. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/opinion/19krugman.html?_r=2&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

97. Kelly M. Our zombie nation and zombie banks. Machine Nation. Oct. 29, 2008. URL: https://machinenation.forumakers.com/t1496-morgan-kelly-bank-guarantee-likely-to-deal-a-crippling-blow-to-theeconomy#43586 (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

98. Schnittger F. Ireland’s zombie economy. European Tribune. Jan. 14, 2009. URL: https://www.eurotrib.com/?op=displaystory; sid=2009/1/14/113437/798 (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

99. Папава В. Проблема зомбирования посткоммунистической некроэкономики. Вестник Института Кеннана в России. 2009;(15):37–48. URL: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/Vestnik_15.pdf (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

100. Papava V. Economy of post-Communist capitalism under the financial crisis. Studies in Economics and Finance. 2010;27(2):135–147. DOI: 10.1108/10867371011048625

101. Andrews D., McGowan M.A., Millot V. Confronting the zombies: Policies for productivity revival. OECD Economic Policy Paper. 2017;(21). URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/f14fd801-en.pdf?expires=

102. &id=id&accname=guest&checksum=0FFA916B 03477B 73B 1977631281D 9DA5 (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

103. Banerjee R., Hofmann B. The rise of zombie firms: Causes and consequences. BIS Quarterly Review. 2018;(Sept.):67–78. URL: https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1809g.pdf (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

104. Blažková I., Dvouletý O. Zombies: Who are they and how do firms become zombies? Journal of Small Business Management. 2020. DOI: 10.1080/00472778.2019.1696100

105. Liang J. Can “zombie enterprises” find self-help road through technological innovation? Chinese Studies. 2017;6(3):173–180. DOI: 10.4236/chnstd.2017.63017

106. Krugman P. Arguing with zombies: Economics, politics, and the fight for a better future. New York: W.W Norton & Co.; 2020. 461 р.

107. Хэзлитт Г. Типичные ошибки государственного регулирования экономики. Пер. с англ. М.: Серебряные нити; 2000. 160 с.

108. Papava V. Features of the economic crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of the zombie-ing of the economy. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2020;14(3):128–134.

109. Lee L., Contiliano T. America’s zombie companies rack up $ 2 trillion of debt. Bloomberg. Nov. 17, 2020. URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020–11–17/america-s-zombie-companies-have-racked-up-1–4-trillion-of-debt (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

110. Donnan S. America’s economy faces a zombie recovery, even with vaccine. Bloomberg. Dec. 15, 2020. URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020–12–15/covid-pandemic-u-s-economy-in-zombie-recoverywithout-government-stimulus (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).

111. Buchanan J. M., Tullock G. The calculus of consent: Logical foundations of constitutional democracy. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; 1962. 361 p.

112. Papava V. On the non-economic policy and the post-Communist experience of Georgia. European Journal of Economic Studies. 2019;8(2):143–151. DOI: 10.13187/es.2019.2.143

113. Stiglitz J. E. Bankruptcy laws: Basic economic principles. In: Claessens S., Djankov S., Mody A., eds. Resolution of financial distress: An international perspective on the design of bankruptcy laws. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2001:1–23. URL: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/872461468766246801/pdf/multi0page.pdf

114. Папава В. О ретроэкономике. Вопросы экономики. 2017;(10):148–159. DOI: 10.32609/0042–8736–2017–10–148–159

115. Papava V. Retroeconomics — moving from dying to brisk economy. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics. 2017;6:455–462. DOI: 10.6000/1929–7092.2017.06.46

116. Boon G.-J. Amending insolvency legislation in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Harvard Law School Bankruptcy Roundtable. May 12, 2020. URL: https://blogs.harvard.edu/bankruptcyroundtable/2020/05/12/amending-insolvency-legislation-in-response-to-the-covid-19-crisis/ (дата обращения: 25.03.2021).