Факторы, определяющие сберегательное поведение студентов вьетнамских университетов

Экономия, особенно денежных средств,— тема, которая привлекает большое внимание общественности, поскольку современная молодежь считает, что наслаждаться настоящим важнее, чем беспокоиться о далеком будущем. Это новый взгляд, который контрастирует с мировоззрением предыдущих поколений. По этой теме уже проводились исследования, но в контексте Вьетнама их было мало. Таким образом, цель данного исследования — выявить факторы, влияющие на склонность молодых людей, в частности, представителей поколения Z, студентов вьетнамских университетов, к эко­номии. В исследовании использовались как количественные, так и качественные методы. Первичные данные были получены от 920 респондентов в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет из всех трех регионов страны (Северного, Центрального и Южного), которые в настоящее время поступают в университеты. Данные были обработаны с помощью программного обеспечения SPSS и AMOS, а для изучения взаимосвязей между переменными была использована модель структурного уравнения (МСУ). Результаты показали, что отношение к сбережениям и финансовые знания оказывают положительное прямое влияние на намерение сберегать финансы, причем влияние отношения является наиболее сильным. Кроме того, неприятие риска не оказывает прямого влияния на намерение откладывать деньги, но положительно влияет на него через отношение к сбережению. Результаты исследования предоставляют ценную информацию для правительств, финансовых организаций и университетов, которая поможет повысить намерение студентов откладывать деньги и, в более широком смысле, улучшит сберегательное поведение и финансовое благополучие молодежи.

1. Francis T., Hoefel F. ‘True Gen’: Generation Z and its implications for companies. Washington, DC: McKinsey & Company; 2018. 10 p. URL: https://www.drthomaswu.com/uicmpaccsmac/Gen%20Z.pdf

2. Mason A. Saving, economic growth, and demographic change. Population and Development Review. 1988;14(1):113–144. DOI: 10.2307/1972502

3. Nguyen T.V., Le V.H. The impact of financial literacy on personal savings behavior in Vietnam. Banking Science & Training Review. 2019;(203):23–28. (In Vietnam.). URL: https://hvnh.edu.vn/tapchi/vi/thang-4–19/nguyentuong-van-le-van-hinh-tac-dong-cua-dan-tri-ve-tai-chinh-den-hanh-vi-tiet-kiem-ca-nhan-o-viet-nam-471.html

4. Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1991;50(2):179– 211. DOI: 10.1016/0749–5978(91)90020-T

5. Widyastuti U., Suhud U., Sumiati A. The impact of financial literacy on student teachers’ saving intention and saving behaviour. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2016;7(6):41–48. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n6p41

6. Satsios N., Hadjidakis S. Applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in saving behaviour of Pomak households. International Journal of Financial Research. 2018;9(2):122–133. DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v9n2p122

7. Co M., Centeno D. Effects of Filipino consumers’ financial attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on intentions to formal banking: Towards financial inclusion. Philippine Management Review. 2023;30(1):15–38. URL: https://pmr.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pmr/article/view/367/366

8. Sari I.K., Syarief M.E., Suhartanto D. Intention to saving of Z generation at Islamic bank in Bandung Raya. Indonesian Journal of Economics and Management. 2023;3(2):404–417. DOI: 10.35313/ijem.v3i2.4878

9. Nizar N., Choban U., Hussain M.H.A. Application of TPB on the saving intention among the students of community colleges: Moderating effect of mobile applications. Global Business and Management Research. 2021;13(4):263–275. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356290992_Application_of_TPB_on_the_Saving_Intention_among_the_Students_of_Community_Colleges_Moderating_Effect_of_Mobile_Applications

10. Shim S., Xiao J.J., Barber B.L., Lyons A.C. Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults. Journal ofApplied Developmental Psychology. 2009;30(6):708–723. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.003

11. Widjaja I., Arifin A., Setini M. The effects of financial literacy and subjective norms on saving behavior. Management Science Letters. 2020;10(15):3635–3642. DOI: 10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.030

12. Dharmarathna W.M.K.T., Kumari D.A.T. Factors affecting young customers’ saving intention: An integrative review in Sri Lankan context. Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. 2021;4(2):1–14. DOI: 10.34256/ajir2121

13. Hati S.R.H., Wibowo S.S., Safira A. The antecedents of Muslim customers’ intention to invest in an Islamic bank’s term deposits: Evidence from a Muslim majority country. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 2021;12(7):1363–1384. DOI: 10.1108/JIMA-01–2020–0007

14. Guiso L., Paiella M. The role of risk aversion in predicting individual behaviors. In: Chiappori P.-A., Gollier C., eds. Competitive failures in insurance markets: Theory and policy implications. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2006:213–250. DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/1986.003.0016

15. Pasaribu R.M., Madeta N.A., Farsa M.R., Margaretha F.The influence of sociodemographics toward saving behavior through literacy and risk aversion in Jabodetabek. International Journal of Education, Business and Economics Research (IJEBER). 2022;2(1):10–33. URL: https://ijeber.com/uploads2022/ijeber_02_02.pdf

16. Schmiege S.J., Bryan A., Klein W.M.P. Distinctions between worry and perceived risk in the context of the theory of planned behavior. Journal ofApplied Social Psychology. 2009;39(1):95–119. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559–1816.2008.00431.x

17. Nguyen D., Pham A., Pham M.The determinants of intention to buy retirement plans of HCMC residents. VNUHCM Journal of Science and Technology Development. 2015;18(4):45–54. DOI: 10.32508/stdj.v18i4.969

18. Bizer G.Y., Barden J.C., Petty R.E.Attitudes. In: Nadel L., ed. Encyclopedia of cognitive science. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006;1:247–253. DOI: 10.1002/0470018860.s00483

19. Yusof R., Sabri M.F., Rahim H.A., Jusoh Z.M. Examining the behavioural intention to save in a voluntary retirement fund in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics. 2018;21:78–102. URL: https://majcafe.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Paper-6-Vol-21–2019pdf.pdf

20. Rameli R.S., Marimuthu M. A conceptual review on the effect of attitudes towards retirement on saving intentions and retirement planning behavior. SHS Web of Conferences. 2018;56:02005. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20185602005

21. Nosi C., D’Agostino A., Pagliuca M.M., Pratesi C.A. Saving for old age: Longevity annuity buying intention of Italian young adults. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 2014;51:85–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2014.05.001

22. Gautam C., Wadhwa R., Raman T.V.Examining behavioural aspects of financial decision making: The working women perspective. Finance: Theory and Practice. 2022;26(6):288–301. DOI: 10.26794/2587–5671–2022–26–6–288–301

23. Remund D.L. Financial literacy explicated: The case for a clearer definition in an increasingly complex economy. The Journal of Consumer Affairs. 2010;44(2):276–295. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745–6606.2010.01169.x

24. Oehler A., Horn M., Wendt S., Reisch L.A., Walker T.J.Young adults and their finances: An international comparative study on applied financial literacy. Economic Notes: Review of Banking, Finance and Monetary Economics. 2018;47(2– 3):305–330. DOI: doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12110

25. Huston S.J. Measuring financial literacy. The Journal of ConsumerAffairs. 2010;44(2):296–316. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745–6606.2010.01170.x

26. Nugraheni P., Widyani F.N. A study of intention to save in Islamic banks: The perspective of Muslim students. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 2021:12(8):1446–1460. DOI: 10.1108/jima-11–2019–0233

27. Peiris T.U.I. Effect of financial literacy on individual savings behavior; the mediation role of intention to saving. European Journal of Business and Management Research. 2021;6(5):94–99. DOI: 10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.1064

28. NguyenV.T., Doan M.D.The correlation between financial literacy and personal saving behavior in Vietnam. Asian Economic and Financial Review. 2020;10(6):590–603. DOI: 10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.106.590.603

29. Supanantaroek S., Lensink R., Hansen N. The impact of social and financial education on savings attitudes and behavior among primary school children in Uganda. Evaluation Review. 2016;41(6):511–541. DOI: 10.1177/0193841x16665719

30. Rickwood C.M., Johnson L.W., Worthington S., White L. Customer intention to save for retirement using a professional financial services planner. Financial Planning Research Journal. 2017;1(1):47–57. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319759195_CUSTOMER_INTENTION_TO_SAVE_FOR_RETIREMENT_USING_A_PROFESSIONAL_FINANCIAL_SERVICES_PLANNER

31. Oladapo I.A., Omar N., Muda R., Abdurraheem A.A. The mediating effect of attitude on customers’ behavioural intention to participate in Islamic banking: Empirical evidence. International Journal of Financial Research. 2019;10(5):167–180. DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p167

32. Outreville J.F. Risk aversion, risk behavior, and demand for insurance: A survey. Journal of Insurance Issues. 2014;37(2):158–186. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2363877

33. Menezes C.F., Hanson D.L. On the theory of risk aversion. International Economic Review. 1970;11(3):481–487. DOI: 10.2307/2525326

34. Mandrik C.A., Bao Y. Exploring the concept and measurement of general risk aversion. Advances in Consumer Research. 2005;32(1):531–539. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285312034_Exploring_the_Concept_and_Measurement_of_General_Risk_Aversion

35. Haryono N.A., Narsa I.M., Irwanto A., Ishartanto H. The effect of money attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and perceived risk on millennial’s saving intention. BISMA: Bisnis dan Manajemen. 2021;14(1):1–14. DOI: 10.26740/bisma.v14n1.p1–14

36. Van Rooij M., Kool C.J., Prast H.M. Risk-return preferences in the pension domain: Are people able to choose? Journal of Public Economics. 2007;91(3–4):701–722. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.08.003

37. Magendans J., Gutteling J.M., Zebel S. Psychological determinants of financial buffer saving: The influence of financial risk tolerance and regulatory focus. Journal of Risk Research. 2017;20(8):1076–1093. DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2016.1147491

38. Nomi M., Sabbir M.M. Investigating the factors of consumers’ purchase intention towards life insurance in Bangladesh: An application of the theory of reasoned action. AsianAcademy of ManagementJournal. 2020;25(2):135– 165. DOI: 10.21315/aamj2020.25.2.6

39. Keat P.T.B., Zakaria W.N.W., Mohdali R. Factors influencing purchase intention of life insurance among engineering students. Open International Journal of Informatics. 2020;1(8):1–9. URL: https://oiji.utm.my/index.php/oiji/article/view/32/9

40. Zhang P., Cain K.W.Reassessing the link between risk aversion and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of the determinants of planned behavior. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2017;23(5):793– 811. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-08–2016–0248

41. Akhtar F., Das N. Predictors of investment intention in Indian stock markets: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. International Journal of Bank Marketing. 2019;37(1):97–119. DOI: 10.1108/IJBM-08–2017–0167

42. Mai T.H. A study of the factors influencing the decision to purchase life insurance products in Vietnam. Ph.D. theses. Hanoi: National Economics University; 2020. (In Vietnam.).

43. Zhao H., Seibert S.E., Hills G.E.The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2005;90(6):1265–1272. DOI: 10.1037/0021–9010.90.6.1265

44. Armitage C.J., Conner M. Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2001;40(4):471–499. DOI: 10.1348/014466601164939

45. Liñán F., Chen Y.-W. Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2009;33(3):593–617. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540–6520.2009.00318.x

46. Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. 7th ed. New York, NY: Pearson Education; 2010. 816 p.