The article is based on the author’s report “On the root causes of the growing chaos and measures to overcome the economic crisis”. The aim of the article is to analyze the problems of the modern financial market system in the world and in Russia and to give practical recommendations on how to overcome them. The framework of the study was the statistical data of foreign and Russian agencies and financial organizations. The article employed general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, system approach, and comparison. As a result, the paper provides a complete picture of the systemic economic crisis unfolding against the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic in the world and in Russia. The author indicates its causes and consequences. The work presents concrete recommendations to overcome the crisis. The author concludes that even in the worst-case scenarios of the global crisis, Russia will be able to improve its position in the world economy by pursuing policies to its own advantage.

The author explores various aspects of cooperation of International Financial Institutions (IFIs) between themselves (blending), as well as with state and commercial structures of different countries in the field of solving international problems related to climate change on the planet. The aim of the article is to describe the role of IFIs, forms of cooperation and the financial instruments used for funding activities for sustainable economic development and solving climate problems in the world and in individual states. The author applies general scientific cognition methods, such as analysis, synthesis and systemic approach. The study generalizes the experience of IFIs in addressing the issues based on international statistics in areas such as sustainable economic development and global climate change. The paper provides the statistical analysis of individual countries, in particular, in the Central Asian region. The author makes a conclusion about the importance of the dialectical interconnection between the methods of collective and individual learning in solving global problems, as well as the development of universal procedures, instruments and criteria for assessing the achievement of goals. The formulated proposals may be of further use to regulators, relevant ministries and departments, as well as companies in cooperation with IFIs in the implementation of infrastructure and climate protection projects.

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive research and analysis about fundraising through equity crowdfunding or crowdinvesting compared to venture capital and other forms of equity financing in the Eurasian Economic Union member countries. The relevance of the research is conditioned with the fact that equity crowdfunding is one of the fastest growing capital raising platforms and has become a popular financing option for start-ups and early-stage companies. Analyzing generally accepted methods for evaluating early-stage companies, the authors propose to use the venture capital method combined with scenario analysis for determining the value of companies in order to raise funds on equity crowdfunding platforms. The statistical data of the EAEU countries were researched on macroeconomic development, stock markets, fintech, etc. This market is expected to grow year by year, but results show that for now it is still underdeveloped in the Eurasian Economic Union member states. The conclusion is that several regulatory and institutional reforms can enable the growth of equity crowdfunding, thereby diversifying potential sources of equity financing for start-ups and early-stage companies. The suggested approach can be applied by regulators.

Investments are distributed unevenly in the economy. This distribution between economic sectors and activities (financial and non-financial) determines not only the dynamics of sectors, but also their contribution to economic growth. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of investments in the transaction and non-transaction sectors and the sectors themselves based on their gross value added on economic growth, as well as the impact of investments in financial assets on gross domestic product. The financial sector is an integral part of the transaction sector. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of investments on economic growth, especially to compare it within countries. The research methodology employed the method of structural analysis, econometric modeling, and comparative analysis. The study resulted in structural models built to assess the GDP growth rate from investments in the transaction and nontransaction sectors, as well as changes in GDP from investments in financial and non-financial assets. The econometric models helped establish that the transaction sector and the investments in it make the largest contribution to the growth rate in the Russian economy, while financial investments largely weaken the economic dynamics, since the gap between financial and non-financial investments is rapidly increasing. In the other countries, the imbalance between financial and non-financial investments is less pronounced, which reduces the inhibitory effect of financial investments. The analysis of the countries provides the characteristics of their economic dynamics regarding the impact of investments in the transaction sector and financial assets. The general conclusion is that the economic growth policy in the Russian economy should consider the impact of investments in financial assets and attempt to narrow the gap with investments in non-financial assets. This will not only increase the sustainability of economic dynamics, but also the contribution of investments to economic growth.

The study aims to analyze key aspects of the new emerging investment policy, which sets the priority for private investment protection and promotion. The relevance of the study is due to the search for new, nonbudget, funding sources for implementing large-scale national tasks and large infrastructure projects. Attracting private capital within changing global investment becomes an important task for national governments, and therefore requires a departure from investment protectionism to investment protection and promotion. Due to the methods of theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, historical method) and empirical (comparison, measurement) research, the authors managed to reveal the main economic determinants and components of the national investment climate that contribute to attracting foreign capital; to systematize the key measures of investment policy; to identify trends in the dynamics of global flows of foreign direct investment. As a result, the authors established key principles and criteria for the new investment policy of sustainable development, as well as identified contemporary models of the new investment policy. These include a model for stimulating the development of individual priority economic activities; a model for improving the technological level of national industries; a model for creating new integrated meta-industries. The authors focus on reforming the investment regime in the Russian Federation. The new legislation provides for the possibility to conclude an investment protection and promotion agreement with private investors based on “a stabilization clause”. Thus, investors implementing large-scale investment projects will be subject to new rules that will establish the conditions at the time of the agreement, in particular, tax and customs policies. According to the authors, such agreements will improve the quality of the investment climate in the Russian Federation.

The aim of this work is to study the pricing in the cryptocurrency market and applying cryptocurrencies by the Bank of Russia for its monetary policy. The research objectives are to identify the cyclical nature of price dynamics, to study market maturity and potential risks that have a long-term positive relationship with the financial stability of the cryptocurrency market. The author uses the Hurst method with the Amihud illiquidity measure to study the resistance of four cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ripple and Dash) and their evolution over the past five years. The study results in the author’s conclusion that the cryptocurrency market has entered a new stage of development, which means a reduced possibility to have excess profits when investing in the most liquid cryptocurrencies in the future. However, buying new high-risk tools provides opportunities for speculative income. The author concludes that illiquid cryptocurrencies exhibit strong inverse anti-persistence in the form of a low Hurst exponent. A trend investing strategy may help obtain abnormal profits in the cryptocurrency market. The Bank of Russia could partially apply digital currency to implement monetary policy, which would soften the business cycle and control the inflation. If Russia accepts the law ‘’On Digital Financial Assets’’ and legalizes cryptocurrencies after the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of Russia might act as a lender of last resort and offer crypto loans.

The work introduces a family of new risk measures, “VaR to the power of t”. The aim of the work is to study the properties of this family of measures and to derive formulas to calculate them. The study used methods for assessing financial risks by risk measures VaR and ES. As a result, the author proposed a new tool to measure catastrophic financial risks — “VaR to the power of t”. The study proved that for the measuring, it is sufficient to calculate the common risk measure VaR with the confidence probability changed in a certain way. The author concludes that this family of measures should find application in solving the problem of penetrating risk events with low probabilities, but with catastrophic financial losses. The study results may be of use to the regulator to assess the capital adequacy of financial institutions. If t > 1, these measures prove to be more conservative risk measures of catastrophic losses than the known risk measures VaR, ES and GlueVaR.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence related to inventory appraisal, revaluation and management as well as utilization of state property in order to optimize non-tax state revenue. The paper employed probability sampling with simple random sampling. The authors conducted the study in 137 Asset Utilization Authorities (KPB) of the ministry/ institution. They used questionnaires as primary data sources. The data analysis tools used was the method of multiple regression with SPPS statistics version 20.00. Conclusion: Inventory appraisal, revaluation and management as well as utilization of state property simultaneously had significant effect on non-tax state revenue. However, partially inventory appraisal and revaluation did not have any significant effect whereas the management and utilization of state property has a significant effect on optimizing non-tax state revenue in the form of rent.

New guidelines of omnichannel and ecosystem are emerging driven by modern digital transformation of the banking business. To improve customer experience of interaction with banking services more banks are switching to the omnichannel model. In this model, the customer is able to perform operations in a unified interface using any communication methods, and sees no difference in the processes between off-line and on-line operations. This requires changes in a bank’s IT architecture, whose center is a bank data warehouse. The aim of this study is to show the possibility of developing a method for designing a banking data warehouse so that it can be easily adaptable for new business projects and tasks. The authors used the following research methods: analysis, logical modeling of the identified relationships. They developed an adaptive banking data warehouse designer in the environments of SAP PowerDesigner, StarUML, PL/SQL Developer. The article tackles the approach towards development of an adaptive model of a banking data warehouse, based on the principle of splitting data into components. It makes it possible to set the warehouse contours for specific business tasks, combine elements, and expand the structure of the banking data warehouse in the context of its integration with various external software objects. The article highlights the interaction between the components of the banking data warehouse and business tasks, the list of which can be expanded in the context of various bank projects. The article provides a detailed description of the basic set of components of the adaptive banking data warehouse model. This set may serve as the foundation for designing a banking data warehouse for a specific business task. The article provides the data model and attribute composition of the General Ledger component, the data model of the Plastic Cards, Transactions, Applications, Contractors, etc. components, as well as indicates the relationships between the components. The study presents design features of a new type of the banking data warehouse. The authors concentrate on the technological features of creating a unified front-end omnichannel banking system as a separate task. They conclude that the developed basic set of components and business objects of adaptive banking data warehouse will ensure data integrity and reduce design time.

Central bank activities in developing and transit economies differ in specificity, due to the underdevelopment and increased vulnerability of national banking systems to external shocks. In some cases, this specificity leads to central bank losses, including over long periods and in large volumes. The subject of the article is central bank activities contributing to their losses. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing instability of the external environment within the growing crisis in the global economy, which causes the constant generation of shocks for the financial sector of developing economies. Maintaining financial stability and supporting the banking sector under these conditions may be factors of central bank losses. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of these factors on the example of the Central Bank of Kazakhstan. The study employed the methods of the analysis of the financial results of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan during its active support to the country’s banking sector, as well as a comparative analysis of its financial statements with other central banks. As a result, the study revealed that the specifics of the monetary policy in Kazakhstan implemented to ensure the stability of financial markets and support to the banking sector led to massive losses for the regulator. This significantly distinguishes its results from similar indicators of other central banks in the world and the CIS countries. The resulting losses developed due to factors of both a temporary and situational nature, as well as systemic features of monetary policy that arose in a difficult period and became permanent afterwards. The conclusion confirms the hypothesis about the significance of support measures for the national financial sector in the formation of a negative financial result for the central bank, as well as illustrates the specificity of monetary policy in developing economies with a dominant commodity sector.

The article considers the impact of the stock market on the economic growth. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of impact of the Russian stock market on gross domestic product, as well as to analyze the significance of various financial instruments in this process. The study suggests three hypotheses: 1) the dynamics of changes in the stock market as a whole has an impact on GDP growth; 2) the growth of the stock market has a positive impact on the change in GDP; 3) the stock market affects the GDP growth more, than that of corporate bonds. To test these hypotheses, the work employs methods of economic and mathematical modeling and building a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The authors used the data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Moscow Exchange (MOEX) and Finam Investment Holding for the period from January 2000 to July 2019. As a result, they proved that not only traditional macroeconomic and production factors affect the country’s GDP growth, but also the positive dynamics of the stock market. The paper revealed that the impact of the growth of stock indices and corporate bonds on the change in gross domestic product would be different. At the same time, a different degree of impact of the stock market on gross domestic product over time. The authors concluded that ensuring the growth of stock indices is a condition to achieve stable growth in Russia’s GDP. Most of all, the GDP growth depends on the growth of the largest liquid companies trading in the Russian stock market.

The aim of the study was to find out how strong the impact of intellectual capital, profitability and dividends is on the market capitalization of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and included in the LQ45 index from 2014 to 2018. The authors employ the multiple linear regression method. They measure the value of intellectual capital by the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC ™), and the profitability — by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). To calculate a dividend per share (DPS), they divide the annual dividend by the number of outstanding shares. The results of this study show that intellectual capital and return on assets (ROA) do not significantly affect the company’s market capitalization, while return on equity (ROE) and dividends do. The authors conclude that by the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the company in capital management, one may see whether investors receive higher profits. Therefore, investors are more interested in companies that have a high level of dividend distribution.